ciOHOEiACEa;. 227 



8. A. major, Jepson. Twice larger every way; leaves often pinnati- 

 fid: ligules elongated and head conspicuous {1% in. broad), when in 

 flower: achenes inclined to vary, as in the last, but not reaching such 

 extremes, tapering more abruptly into the.slipe, and more or less distinctly 

 toothed under it; pappus sordid or almost fuscous. — Plains of the inte- 

 rior, from Solano Co. southward. May. 



14. TARAXACUM, Haller. Flaccid nearly glabrous acaulescent 

 herb, with a tuft of depressed runcinate-pinnatifld leaves, and hollow 

 scapes, bearing solitary heads. Involucre double; outer bracts short, 

 spreading, partly connate at base; inner erect, narrow, equal. Achenes 

 oblong-obovate, £ — 5-angled or -costate, muricate or prickly near the 

 summit, abruptly narrowed into a long filiform stipe which bears the 

 soft capillary whitish pappus. 



1. T. officinale, Weber (Dandelion). Common weed in parks and 

 lawns, where it has been introduced accidentally, with lawn-grass seed; 

 scarcely naturalized in our district. 



15. LACTUCA, Pliny. Leafy-stemmed biennials and annuals, with 

 ample though narrowish panicles of small conoidal heads. Flowers yel- 

 low. AcheDes compressed, oblong, abruptly narrowed to a short slender 

 beak which bears at its dilated summit the soft white capillary pappus. 



1. L. vikosa, L. Strict, 3 — 6 ft. high, glaucescent, glabrous except 

 the lower part of the stem, which is somewhat hispid: leaves horizontal, 

 oblanceolate to oblong, with spinulose-dentate margins, the midrib 

 beneath beset with a row of soft prickles: beak about the length of the 

 striate-nerved achene. — Shady places along Strawberry Creek, Berkeley. 



2. L. sativa, Bauhin (Lettuce). The common salad plant, with obo- 

 vate or obovoid thin unarmed foliage, and a short somewhat corymbose 

 panicle of heads, is a common field and orchard weed in Napa Valley, 

 and elsewhere in the Coast Bange regions. 



16. SOUCHUS, Diosc. Coarse annuals with pinnatifid leaves and 

 indistinctly panicled or more scattered and irregular inflorescence. 

 Involucre conic, in age broad and thickened at base. Achenes obcom- 

 pressed, without beak or dilated pappiferous disk. Pappus of very soft 

 fine flaccid bristles, which fall more or less unitedly, and commonly one 

 or more stronger ones which fall separately. — Old World weeds; but 

 common in all parts of California. 



1. S. OLERACEUS, L. Stoutish, %—£ ft. high, sparingly leafy, glabrous, 

 or with a few glandular hairs on pedicels and calyx, glaucescent: leaves 

 from obovoid to narrower and runcinate-pinnatifld, toothed but not 

 prickly margined, amplexicaul, the auricles straight, acute, holding the 

 sameplane with the blade: achenes striate-nerved, transversely rugulose- 

 scabrous. — Common everywhere; flowering at all seasons. 



