ASPERIFOLiai. 263 



4. A. campestris. Stoutish, 1 — 2 ft. high, the short and rather dense 

 spikes aggregated at summit of the stem: pubescence strigose-hirsute 

 rather than hispid: leaves all linear-oblanceolate : sepals short hardly 

 twice as long as the nutlets, ovate-lanceolate, not ferruginous: corolla 

 inconspicuous, its throat nearly closed by folds: nutlets very dark 

 brown, irregularly-transverse rugose and more or less echinate-muricate. 

 At Byron Springs, and near Bethany. March, April. 



5. A. echinata, Gray. Erect, 1—2 ft. high, very hispid with white 

 spreading bristles: leaves linear-lanceolate: sepals very narrow, yellow- 

 hispid: corolla small and very slender: nutlets almost prickly -muricaie, 

 the rugse obsolete. — Antioch and southward; perhaps here an immigrant 

 from the Mohave district. March, April. 



6. A. tessellata, Gray. Stout, rather loosely branching, very hispid: 

 leaves oblong-lanceolate: spikes long and loose: calyx, large and folia- 

 ceous, of 3 narrow sepals and 1 broad one, only loosely investing the 

 nutlets and far surpassing them, bristly but hardly fulvous-hirsute: 

 corolla small, orange-yellow, the throat with folds: nutlets broadly ovale, 

 acute, not carinate but Jlattish on the back, covered with warty granula- 

 tions running more or less distinctly into transverse ridges which, car- 

 ried out to the edges, form a dentate border. — Plains of the lower San 

 Joaquin and southward. March. 



7. A. colliiia. Near the last, but of different habit, being slender 

 and simple up to the few short dense terminal spikes: pubescence more 

 hirsute and appressed: leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute: calyx 

 intensely fuscous, the sepals longer, less foliaceous: corolla with no folds 

 in the throat: nutlets of ovate outline, flattened on the back, marked 

 with few and sharp interrupted transverse ridges, and intervening low 

 tessdlate granulations. — Hills east of the Livermore Valley. March. 



8. A. grandiflora, Kleeb. Stoutish, simple up to the short terminal 

 spikes, hispid: lower leaves oblanceolate, upper lanceolate, all very 

 acute, or even acuminate: sepals broad, often 4, or 3 only, very deeply 

 fulvous-hirsute: corolla 1 in. long, deep yellow; stamens nearly sessile at 

 the orifice of the very short proper tube, the funnelform-ampliate throat 

 % in. long beyond this; limb more than % in. broad: nutlets light gray, 

 sharply triquetrous, perfectly smooth and shining, the back concave rather 

 than convex.— At Antioch, and on hills east of the Livermore Valley. 



7. LITHOSPBBMUM, Diosc. Herbs erect, with sessile leaves, and 

 leafy-bracted flowers. Corolla salverform or funnelform. Stamens 

 short, included. Nutlets ovoid, bony, sessile by the very base, the scar 

 flat, not excavated. 



1. L. arvense, L. Annual, slightly canescent with minute appressed 

 hairs, 1—2 ft. high: leaves linear or lanceolate, with prominent midrib: 



