,FMX 



Fig. 247. — Rana temporaria. A , the skeleton from the dorsal aspect; the left half of the shoulder 

 girdle and the left fore nnd hind limbs are removed, as also are the membrane bones on the 

 left side of the skull. Carlilasinous parts dotted. Names of cartilage bones in thick, those 

 of membrane bones in italic capitals, a. r ?iy. anterii'i cmnu of hyoid ; actb, acetabulum; 

 AST, a^tra-ilus; b hy> bnsi-hy.il; C, caKar. CAL, 1 .■!.- im-um , EX. OC, ex-occipital; FE, 

 femur; f,m. fon\ fontanel!^. FR. PA, from, >-,, „ i U ..l ; HU, humerus; IL, ilium; MX, 

 maxilla; ol. cp, olfa' u>rv r.ipsule; rt pr, otic pmcess; /, c. kv, posterior cornu of hyoid; 

 P.UY, premaxilla; PR.'OT, pm-mi.:, RA. UL, ladio-ulna; SP". ETH, sphenethmoid; SQ, 

 squamosal; S. SCP, supra-scapul.i; atts, suspensorium; TI. FI, tibio-fibula; tr, pr, transverse 

 process; UST, urostyle; V. 1, cervical vertebra; V. g, sacral vertebra; VO, vomer; I-V 

 digits. B, the fourth vertebra, anterior face, n, zyg, anterior zygapophysis ; en. centrum; 

 hn, lamina; n. sp, neural spine; pd t pedicle; tr. pr, transverse process. (After Howes, 

 slightly altered,) 



