468 



MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY 



pn.j^or' 



adult. The hyoid apparatus (Fig. 280), is of characteristic 

 form, having an arrow-shaped body (b. hy) with a short pair 

 of anterior cornua (c. hy) derived from the hyoid arch, and 

 a long pair of posterior cornua (c. br., ep. br) from the first 



branchial. The colu- 

 mella is a rod-shaped 

 bone ankylosed to the 

 stapes, and bearing at 

 its outer end a three- 

 rayed cartilage or ex- 

 tra-columella fixed to 

 the tympanic mem- 

 brane. 



The shoulder-girdle 

 (Fig. 276) is quite un- 

 like that of other Cra- 

 niates. There is a pair 

 of stout, pillar - like 

 coracoids (cor) articu- 

 lating with deep facets 

 on the anterior border 

 of the sternum and 

 directed upwards, for- 

 wards, and outwards. 

 The dorsal end of each 

 is produced into an 

 acrocoracoid process 

 (acr. cor), and below 

 this, to the posterior 



FlG. 281— Columba livia. Skeleton of the left aspect of the bone, is 

 wing, cp. nitcp, carpo-metacarpus; kit. hu- . , . .. 



■ digit; ph.2' , attached by ligament a 

 p-,' S p"n'eumatic sabre-shaped scapula 



radiale; id. ulna; / ,\ i • i i 



(scp) which extends 



ra' 



fifty 



merus; ph. 1, phalanx of first 

 fih. 2" , phalanges of second 

 phalanx of third digit; fin. ft 

 foramen; ra, radius; ra , 

 ul' t ulnare. 



