when the new plantings begin tc bring in their sarge returns. 
The cultivation of the erchards is largely governed by 
the character of the soil upon which they are planted, In 
some sec“ions, all hill orthards are kept in sod, Semetimes 
this is eut for hay, but more often, it is pasvured by hogs 
er sheep. The lowland orchards are frequentl, cultivated in 
erdinary farm crops such GS corn, po atees, or melons. In. the 
Western section, clean cultivation, with buekrneat or rye as » 
a cover crop is the rule, 
Little attention is paid to the use of commercial fert- 
jlisers in the apple regions, and barnyard manure is seidom 
used, 
ihe apples ef this Stite de not sulfer to any great 
extent from insect enemies. The vers common pests of the tree 
and fruit are the only ones worthy of mention, The apple tree 
suffers Trom borers in the tree and at the root. Trunk borers 
are both the common round headed and flat headed together 
with Scolytus rugulosus, The wooly aphis is cne of tne worst 
rests in voung stock. The foliage suffers greatest damage 
from the green aphis , particularly upon young trees. The 
tent caterpiller is the most annoying upon older trees, In- 
sects troubling the fruit of the apple are few outside of the 
(-12-) 
