2900 sesterces (about $50), some of them yielding more pror- 
its to the owners than a small farm. A careful study of fruit 
crowing was made at this time which led to the invention of 
erafting. 
Vireil. writese 
-"Graft the tender shoots, 
finr children's children shalt enjoy the fruit.* 
Professcr BK, FE, Van Deman cutlines the development cf the 
apple industry in the Tnited States as follcws,-~ 
"With tie first white settlers who landed on the shores 
ef America were brought the fruits they had in their old homes 
across the sea. Chief amcng these was the apple, which to 
them was like a part of those very oid Homes. Vhey haa grown 
this fruit, and so had their favhers Tor generations betore 
then trom which to make cider chiefiy, The old homesteads <f 
Fngland, france, Germany, and to a ssmali ex'.ent those of 
neignbsering cewmtries had their celiars storea. With musty bar~ 
rele of the the hardest cf cider, and to Keep Up & 21ke suppiy 
in their homes in the new worla, was the main reason for 
planting appie orcnard here, J.ittle thought was then given to 
the consumption of epples in the tousands of ways that we now 
use them, and least of all as a disser fruit. There were then 
ne juicy Jonathans, eromatic Grimes, spicy Spitzenburgs cr 
melting Primates. The apples cf that day were mostly small, 
