of moisture by evaporation, 
In a few favored localities, orchards do well in sod. 
There must be plenty of moisture so that neither trees nor 
gress will suffer. Usually sheep or hogs are pastured in 
these orcherds and they add considerable fertilizer to tiie 
soil. Hogs root up the ground more or less, thus cultiv:iting 
it in patches, but this is expensive cultiv:' tion, If the grass 
recomes large enough it is cut and allowed to remain where 
it falls. Sod culture is not recemmended for l’aryland where 
it can he avoided. 
Muleh culture is a great improvement over sod culture. 
Tn this svstem not only the grass growing ¢n the graund is 
cut and allowed to remain, but a large amount of straw, man- 
ure and other coarse material is addea to form a heavy muich 
especially under the trees, 
Tt is impossibie to say what is the best fertilizer to 
use because it all depends upon the age of the trees, condit- 
fon of the orchard, the kind of scil, and the treatment it 
has recieved for several years. Some soils are rich in pot- 
ash and dificient in phosphoric acid, while others are just 
the reverse, Stable manure in large amounts is aiways accept- 
able, unlessthe trees are making a rank growth. Cover crops 
