II 



omasum ; the lesser omentum is attached to the remaining pyloric portion 

 of the lesser curvature. 



The small intestine. Upon cutting the greater omentum near its attach- 

 ment to the duodenum, large intestine and the greater curvature of the 

 abomastun and turning it ventrally, and after removing the liver and pan- 

 creas, the greater portion of the small intestine is exposed, Pis. II, III. 

 The small intestine lies almost wholly to the right of the median plane and 

 mainly in the ventral part of this portion of the abdominal cavity. Pis. II, 

 III. Its principal relations are as follows : superficially, to the greater 

 omentum which intervenes between the mass of small intestine and the 

 right abdominal wall ; to the ventral and lateral walls of the pelvis and to 

 the pelvic organs, to the liver, pancreas, caectim, large intestine and right 

 kidney. More deeply, the small intestine is related to the visceral or right 

 face of the rumen and to the omasum. The duodenum begins at the py- 

 lorus opposite the tenth intercostal space and extends dorsally to the vis- 

 ceral surface of the liver. Between its place of origin from the abomasum 

 and the visceral surface of the liver the duodenum forms an S-shaped or 

 sigmoid flexure, PI. III. From here the duodenum extends caudally to 

 near the coxal (or external) angle of the iliiim, where it turns and extends 

 cephalad alongside of the terminal part of the large intestine and, ventral 

 to the right kidney, is continued by the mesenteric portion (jejunum and 

 ileum) of the small intestine. Pis. Ill, IV. The bile duct opens into the 

 duodenum immediately distal to the sigmoid flexure, PI. Ill, 26. The 

 pancreatic duct opens from 20 to 35 cm. farther caudad, PL III, P ; PI. 

 X, 21. The mesenteric portion of the small intestine is arranged in numer- 

 ous close coils or loops which form a kind of festoon at the ventral border of 

 the mesentery. The terminal portion of the small intestine lies between 

 the caecum and the large intestine, to both of which it is adherent for a 

 short distance (4 to 8 cm) . The small intestine occupies the space bounded 

 medially by the ventral sac of the rumen ; ventro-laterally, by the ab- 

 dominal wall ; dorsally, by the caeciun and large intestine ; cephalad, by 

 the omasum and the pyloric portion of the abomastun. The length of the 

 small intestine of an adult Holstein cow, measured while perfectly fresh, 

 was 135 feet. 



The caecum. The caecum of the cow from which these drawings were 

 made was 65 cm. in length, somewhat shorter than the average, which is 

 about 75 cm. Its position and general relations to the large and small in- 

 testines are shown in Pis. II, III, X. The caecum is directly continued 

 cephalad by the large intestine, the conventional demarcation between the 



