14 



The cholecyst or gall bladder is a large pear-shaped sac from lo cm. in length 

 in one specimen to i6 cm. in another. It lies opposite the ventral part of 

 the ninth and tenth intercostal spaces, Pis. II, III, X. In an adtdt Hol- 

 stein cow the most dependent portion of the gall bladder was 7 cm. dorsal 

 to the costo-chondral junction of the tenth rib. In a second specimen its 

 most dependent part was only 2.5 cm. dorsal to this point, PI. X. The 

 gall bladder is in contact with the visceral surface of the liver, to which it 

 is closely attached ; it is also in contact with the abdominal surface of the 

 diaphragm, Pis. II, X. The cystic, hepatic and common bile ducts and the 

 place of communication of the latter with the duodenum are all shown in 

 PL III. 



The pancreas. Pis. I, II, III, X, is approximately triangular in shape, one 

 of the angles being a right angle and the other two very blunt or rounded. 

 It has two surfaces, dorsal and ventral, and three borders — right, left and 

 cephalic. In this specimen the right border was 16 cm. in length; the 

 cephalic border was 17 cm. in length, and the left border 21 cm. The left 

 border is broken by a deep incision, at the bottom of which are the portal 

 vein and hepatic artery ; several lymph glands also are present in this pan- 

 creatic incision. The dorsal surface of the pancreas is related to the liver, 

 right kidney, crura of the diaphragm, vena cava, anterior mesenteric artery 

 and vein and the left adrenal. The dorsal face of the organ is attached to 

 the liver, at the dorsal part of the portal fissure, and to the portion of liver 

 adjacent to the fossa venae cavae. Between these two areas of attachment the 

 pancreas is free and forms the ventral boundary of the foramen epiploicum. 

 The dorsal opening of this foramen was 6 cm. in width ; the ventral opening 

 was 2.5 cm. wide ; and the distance between these two orifices was 7 cm. The 

 ventral surface of the pancreas is related to the dorsal sac of the rumen, 

 to the omasum, the duodenum and the large intestine, Pis. Ill, VIII. The 

 pancreatic duct leaves the gland at its caudal angle (or extremity) and enters 

 the duodenum from 20 to 35 cm. caudal to the bile duct, Pis. Ill, X. The 

 caudal portion of the pancreas lies between the two layers of the mesoduo- 

 denum. This part of the gland is wide and thin and is often divided into 

 two branches, PL X. From the relations of the pancreatic duct as shown in 

 Pis. Ill and X, it is apparent that no great difficulty would be encountered 

 in opening this duct to collect the pancreatic secretion for physiologic or 

 experimental purposes. 



The spleen is situated at the left side of the cephalic extremity of the stomach, 

 as shown in PL V. It has the form of an elongated ellipse, both ends being 

 rounded, thin and approximately of the same size. This organ varies con- 



