i6 



transverse process of the second lumbar vertebra to opposite the correspond- 

 ing border of the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra. The left 

 kidney also is situated farther ventrally than the right. The ventral sur- 

 face of the right kidney was 9 cm. ventral to the transverse processes of 

 the lumbar vertebrae, while that of the left kidney was 16 cm. ventral to 

 these processes. The left kidney is more or less regularly three sided, with 

 medial, dorso-lateral and ventral surfaces, PI. VIII, 14. 



The medial surface is in contact with the visceral or right face of the 

 rumen. The dorso-lateral surface is in contact with the sublrunbar muscles 

 and the large intestine. The ventral surface is related to the large intestine. 



The hilus of the left kidney opens almost directly to the right, while 

 that of the right kidney opens to the left. Palpation per rectum of the 

 left kidney is easily effected. 



The adrenals. The right adrenal is molded to the medial surface of the 

 cephalic end of the right kidney. It is somewhat pyramidal in form, having 

 three faces, medial, lateral and ventral, also an apex and a base. The 

 medial surface of the right adrenal is in contact with the right cms of the 

 diaphragm. The cephalic portion of the lateral surface is related to the 

 liver ; the remaining portion of this surface is marked by a fossa which is 

 occupied by the cephalic end of the right kidney. The ventral surface is 

 marked by a shallow groove for the vena cava. The ventral surface was 

 6 cm. in length by 2 cm. in greatest width. The dorsal border was 5.5 cm. 

 long and the base was 5 cm. in length. The average thickness of the right 

 adrenal was about i cm. The left adrenal is approximately medial in 

 position. It lies on the medial surface of the vena cava immediately caudal 

 to the anterior mesenteric artery. Its form and position are shown in PI. 

 VIII. Its greatest length was seven and three quarter centimeters and its 

 width was four and one quarter centimeters ; its thickness was a little over 

 one centimeter. The right surface of the left adrenal is closely attached to 

 the vena cava. The left surface was in contact with the pancreas and the 

 anterior mesenteric artery. The left adrenal was situated 3 cm. cephalad 

 of the left kidney, PI. VIII. 



The thoracic cavity. 



Attention has been called to the costal attachment of the diaphragm 

 and the consequent diminution in size of the thoracic cavity as com- 

 pared to that of the horse. In the live animal the size of the cavity 

 varies with each inspiration and expiration. In expiration the periph- 

 eral portion of the diaphragm lies directly against the thoracic wall, 

 PI. I, X. When the diaphragm contracts in inspiration, it is drawn away 



