i8 



cardium touches the thoracic waU. The area extended from the second rib 

 to the fourth. Its height at the second rib was 8.5 cm. and at the fourth 

 rib 10.5 cm. dorsal to the respective costo-chondral articulations. 



The heart, in this specimen, was opposite the second, third, fourth and fifth 

 ribs and the second, third and fourth intercostal spaces. The cephalic 

 border or surface, as a whole, is strongly convex ; the apical portion, how- 

 ever, is nearly parallel to the sternum. The caudal border or surface is 

 shorter, straighter and was approximately parallel to the fifth rib. A plane 

 passed lengthwise of the fifth rib and about midway between its two borders 

 would mark the caudal boundary of this border of the heart. The apex 

 of the heart was opposite the ventral portion of the fifth interchondral space. 

 The close proximity of the heart to the diaphragm and to the reticulum is 

 apparent from Pis. Ill, IV, VI, VII. The pulmonary valve was opposite the 

 second intercostal space at a point 8 cm. dorsal to the costo-chondral 

 articulation of the second rib. The ligamentum arteriosum left the pul- 

 monary artery opposite the fourth rib at a point 24 cm. dorsal to its costo- 

 chondral articulation. It will be noticed that the relation of the heart 

 to the ribs and intercostal spaces, as above described, differs by about the 

 width of one rib from similar relations found in another specimen and 

 figured in Pis. Ill, IV, VI, and VII. 



The pelvic organs. 



The position of the pelvic organs, particularly of the uterus and the 

 urocyst, are subject to considerable variation. The urocyst or bladder 

 when empty and contracted forms a small piriform mass lying on the 

 fioor of and almost wholly within the pelvic cavity, PI. IX. In the 

 female the urethra is about 10 cm. in length and is closely connected - 

 dorsally to the wall of the vagina. The external urethral orifice is about 

 10 to 12 cm. from the ventral commissure of the vulva. The relations of 

 the empty bladder to the uterus and vagina are shown in PI. IX. 



The general form, location and relations of the internal genital organs 

 of the cow are shown in PI. IX, Figs. 1,2. In Fig. 2 a portion of the small 

 intestine has been removed from the pelvic cavity. In neither of these 

 specimens was the uterus or its cornu in contact with the rumen. In Fig. i 

 is shown an abnormal form of the uterine cornu. The cow from which 

 the drawing was made was sterile. But whether this form of the cornu is 

 at all characteristic of the condition of sterility I am unable to state. Such 

 form of the cornu, however, is common in sterile cattle. Figure two shows 

 the uterus and cornu in, approximately at least, their normal form. In 

 both of these figures the broad ligament of the uterus has been removed. 



