19 



Its line of attachment to the uterus coincides with that of the uterine blood 

 vessels, a part of which are shown in PI. IX, Fig. 2. The accessibility of 

 all parts of the internal genital organs to palpation per rectum is quite 

 obvious. 



The gravid uterus at the beginning of the eighth month of gestation. The 



contrast in size, position and relations of the gravid uterus to the non- 

 gravid organ is very striking, as may be seen by comparing plates IX 

 and X. Plate X was made from a cow which was bred April 12, 191 7, 

 and killed on the fifteenth of Nov. 1917, a period of 216 days of gestation. 

 The most marked features of this drawing are the enormous increase 

 in size of the gravid right cornu of the uterus ; its relation to the broad 

 ligament of the uterus and to the ventro-dextral wall of the abdomen ; 

 the correlative displacement of the Small intestine and certain other viscera, 

 especially the right ovary. 



The broad ligament of the uterus (Lig. latum uteri). The anatomical 

 relations of the broad ligament of the uterus, especially in breeding and 

 dairy cattle, are of special interest. Displacement or torsion of the gravid 

 uterus sometimes occurs in cattle and sheep as well as in other animals. 

 This accident, in cattle, is largely determined by the anatomical relations 

 of the broad ligaments of the uterus. The parietal attachment of the broad 

 ligament in the present specimen began at a point 8 cm. ventral to the trans- 

 verse process of the fourth lumbar vertebra. From here it extended caudally 

 and slightly ventrally, and crossed the shaft of the ilium at a distance of 4 

 cm. dorsal to the edge of the cotyloid cavity. At a point directly ventral 

 to the coxal or external angle of the ilium, the distance between the parietal 

 attachment of the broad ligament and the ventral edge of this angle of the 

 ilium was 18 cm. The gravid uterus extends far cephalad of its ligamentous 

 attachment to the abdominal wall, PL X. In consequence of this, rotation 

 of the uterus upon its long axis frequently occurs. Notwithstanding the 

 great cephalic extension of the gravid uterus, the ovary and the ovarian 

 extremity of the cornu of the uterus are not greatly displaced from their 

 normal position in the non-gravid animal. In the present case the ovary 

 was situated 4 cm. cephalad of a vertical plane through the coxal angles of 

 the ilium and 27 cm. ventral to a horizontal plane through these angles ; or 

 to put it another way, the ovary was 26 cm. in a direct line, cephalad of 

 the pubis. It could be palpated easily per rectum. The adjacent ex- 

 tremity of the right cornu of the uterus was situated a little ventral to the 

 ovary, PI. X. In PI. X the fimbriated extremity or infundibulum of the 

 oviduct was turned back sufficiently to show the abdominal or peritoneal 



