21 



are palpable only with difficialty and uncertainty in the healthy animal 

 are easily felt if enlarged as a result of disease. 



The mandibular lymph glands (submaxillary or intermaxillary) are two in 

 ntunber, one on either side. The gland is situated about midway between 

 the angle of the mandible and the vascular groove where the artery and vein 

 maxillaris externa and the parotid duct cross the ventral border of the 

 mandible. The gland lies between the muscle stemo-cephalicus (sterno- 

 mandibularis) and the submaxillary salivary gland. The muscle forms the 

 ventro-lateral boundary of the gland and the submaxillary salivary gland 

 forms its medial boundary. Dorsally, it is related to the V. maxillaris 

 externa and the ventral border of the mandible. Sometimes the submaxil- 

 lary salivary gland forms both the medial and ventral boundaries of the 

 lymph gland. The gland is oval shaped and was 4 cm. long by 2.5 cm. 

 wide and 1.3 cm. greatest thickness. (Average size, 3-4.5 cm. by 2-3 cm. 

 by i-if cm., Baum.) 



The parotid lymph gland is situated a little ventral to the temporo-man- 

 dibular articulation between the masseter muscle and the dorsal end of the 

 parotid salivary gland, PI. Ill, 40, PI. IV, 30. The gland is partially, some- 

 times wholly, covered by the parotid salivary gland. The more common 

 condition, however, is shown in Pis. Ill, IV, VI, VII, where a portion of the 

 lymph gland is uncovered by the salivary gland. When this relation ob- 

 tains the lymph gland usually can be distinctly palpated in the healthy 

 animal. The size of this gland in a large Holstein was 4.7 cm. long by 2 

 cm. wide and i cm. in thickness. (Average size is 6-9 cm. long by 1.5- 

 3 cm. wide by f- 1 cm. thick, Baimi.) 



The lateral retro-pharyngeal Ijnnph gland (atlantal or sub-atlantal) . 

 This gland is situated on the caudo-lateral wall of the pharynx and is cov- 

 ered laterally by the dorsal end of the submaxillary salivary gland. The 

 dorsal end of the lymph gland lies 2 cm. ventral to the caudal portion of the 

 wing of the atlas. The larger portion and sometimes the whole of the gland 

 is situated caudal to a transverse vertical plane between the atlas and the 

 axis. The gland is immediately dorsal to the common carotid artery. 

 Its dimensions, in an adult Holstein, were 4.5 cm. long by 2.5 cm. wide by 

 f cm. thick. (Average size, 4-5 cm. by 2-3.5 cm. by f-i| cm., Baum.) 



Anterior cervical lymph glands are situated in the vicinity of the thyroid 

 body along the course of the common carotid artery. They vary in number, 

 3 to 5, and in size. In the present case three were present, of which the 

 largest was 2.3 cm. by 1.2 cm. In the healthy animal these glands cer- 

 tainly could not be satisfactorily palpated. 



