‘Mental Evolution in Animals” 53 
time of the individual or during that of the species, and 
afterwards impressed by heredity on the individual.” 
Lower down on the same page he writes :— 
“As showing how close is the connection between 
hereditary memory and instinct,” &c. 
-And on the following page :— 
“ And this shows how closely the phenomena of heredi- 
tary memory are related to those of individual memory : 
at this stage . . . it is practically impossible to disentangle 
the effects of hereditary memory from those of the indi- 
vidual.” 
Again :— 
“Another point which we have here to consider is the 
part which heredity has played in forming the perceptive 
faculty of the individual prior to its own experience. We 
have already seen that heredity plays an important part 
in forming memory of ancestral experiences, and thus it is 
that many animals come into the world with their power 
of perception already largely developed. . . . The wealth 
of ready-formed information, and therefore of ready-made 
powers of perception, with which many newly-born or 
newly-hatched animals are provided, is so great and so 
precise that it scarcely requires to be supplemented by the 
subsequent experience of the individual.”’* 
Again :— 
“Instincts probably owe their origin and development 
to one or other of the two principles. 
“TI. The first mode of origin consists in natural selection 
or survival of the fittest, continuously preserving actions, 
&e. &e. 2. 
“II. The second mode of origin is as follows :—By the 
effects of habit in successive generations, actions which 
were originally intelligent become as it were stereotyped 
into permanent instincts. Just as in the lifetime of the 
* “Mental Evolution in Animals,” p. 131. Kegan Paul, Nov., 
1883. 
