“Mental Evolution in Animals” 55 
or a thousand other illustrations of the same process, we 
see at once that there is truth in the cynical definition of a 
man as a ‘ bundle of habits.’ And the same, of course, is 
true of animals.”’* 
From this Mr. Romanes goes on to show “‘ that automatic 
actions and conscious habits may be inherited,”’} and in 
the course of doing this contends that “ instincts may be 
lost by disuse, and conversely that they may be acquired 
as instincts by the hereditary transmission of ancestral 
experience.” 
On another page Mr. Romanes says :— 
“* Let us now turn to the second of these two assump- 
tions, viz., that some at least among migratory birds must 
possess, by inheritance alone, a very precise knowledge of 
the particular direction to be pursued. It is without 
question an astonishing fact that a young cuckoo should be 
prompted to leave its foster parents at a particular season 
of the year, and without any guide to show the course 
previously taken by its own parents, but this is a fact 
which must be met by any theory of instinct which 
aims at being complete. Now upon our own theory it 
can only be met by taking it to be due to inherited 
memory.” 
A little lower Mr. Romanes says: “‘ Of what kind, then, 
is the inherited memory on which the young cuckoo (if 
not also other migratory birds) depends? We can only 
answer, of the same kind, whatever this may be, as that 
upon which the old bird depends.” f 
I have given above most of the more marked passages 
which I have been able to find in Mr. Romanes’ book 
which attribute instinct to memory, and which admit that 
there is no fundamental difference between the kind of 
memory with which we are all familiar and hereditary 
memory as transmitted from one generation to another. 
* “Mental Evolution in Animals,” p. 192. ¢ Ibid. p. 195. 
t Ibid. p. 296. Nov., 1883. 
