206 Luck, or Cunning ? 
maintained at the beginning of this century by several 
great naturalists, especially by Lamarck and Goethe, it 
only received complete demonstration and causal founda- 
tion nine years ago through Darwin’s work, and it is on 
this account that it is now generally (though not altogether 
rightly) regarded as exclusively Mr. Darwin’s theory.’’* 
Later on, after giving nearly a hundred pages to the 
works of the early evolutionists—pages that would certainly 
disquiet the sensitive writer who had cut out the “my” 
which disappeared in 1866—he continued :— 
“‘ We must distinguish clearly (though this is not usually 
done) between, firstly, the theory of descent as advanced 
by Lamarck, which deals only with the fact of all animals 
and plants being descended from a common source, and 
secondly, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which shows 
us why this progressive modification of organic forms took 
place ”’ (p. 93). 
This passage is as inaccurate as most of those by Pro- 
fessor Haeckel that I have had occasion to examine have 
proved to be. Letting alone that Buffon, not Lamarck, is 
the foremost name in connection with descent, I have 
already shown in “Evolution Old and New” that 
Lamarck goes exhaustively into the how and why of 
modification. He alleges the conservation, or preserva- 
tion, in the ordinary course of nature, of the most favourable 
among variations that have been induced mainly by 
function; this, I have sufficiently explained, is natural 
selection, though the words “ natural selection ’’ are not 
employed; but it is the true natural selection which 
(if so metaphorical an expression is allowed to pass) actually 
does take place with the results ascribed to it by Lamarck, 
and not the false Charles-Darwinian natural selection that 
does not correspond with facts, and cannot result in specific 
differences such as we now observe. But, waiving this, the 
“my’s,” within which a little rift had begun to show itself 
* “Natiirliche Schépfungsgeschichte,” p. 3. Berlin, 1868. 
