BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER 39 



Adult c? Spring. — Crown black, a white stripe through its center and over 

 each eye; cheeks entirely or largely black; back black striped with white; 

 upper tail-coverts black, their outer webs margined with white; tail blackish, 

 externally margined with gray, usually all but the central pair of feathers with 

 white patches or margins on the inner web at the tip ; wings blackish, externally 

 edged with grayish, tertiaries and coverts black, the first margined, the latter 

 broadly tipped with white forming two wing-bars; throat black usually with 

 more or less white and with white stripes at either side from the base of the 

 bill; breast and sides streaked black and white, center of the belly white. 



Adult d 1 Fall. — Similar to adult o* in Spring, but with more white on the 

 breast and throat, the latter sometimes wholly white. 



Young c? Fall. — Similar to adult o" Fall, but with cheeks entirely or largely 

 white with a black postocular streak ; the throat and center of the breast white, 

 the black streaks of the underparts being confined to the sides and under 

 tail-coverts. 



Adult ? Spring. — Similar to adult o* in Spring, but above less glossy and 

 more or less washed with brownish, particularly on the rump; the cheeks 

 grayish or whitish with a brownish tinge sometimes extending to the sides of 

 the throat and breast; below white, the streakings duskier, less sharply defined 

 and confined to the sides and crissum, which, with the flanks, is usually strongly 

 washed with brownish. Resembles young <? but is less distinctly streaked below 

 and shows brownish tinge. 



Adult ? Fall. — Similar to adult S in Spring, but the brownish wash every- 

 where stronger. 



Young $ Fall. — Not distinguishable from adult 2 in Fall. 

 Nestling. — Resembles young $ but black duller, brown stronger and more 

 prevalent, especially on the breast. 



General Distribution. — Eastern North America, north to New- 

 foundland and the Mackenzie Valley, west to the Rocky Mountains. 

 Summer Range. — Breeds commonly as far south as to New 

 Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Iowa; less commonly to North Carolina, 

 Missouri, and Kansas; locally and rarely in the Gulf States; west 

 regularly to central Texas, central Kansas, and central South Dakota; 

 north to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, 

 and Mackenzie (Fort Norman) ; casually to Lesser Slave Lake and 

 Peace River Landing, Athabasca; occurs westward casually in Colo- 

 rado (Boulder, Table Rock,) and in California (Farallone Islands, 

 May 28, 1887 ; Pasadena, October 8, 1895 ; Arroyo Seco, Los Angeles 

 Co., October 2, 1895; Point Lobos, Monterey Co., Sept. 9, 1901 ; 

 Watsonville, Sept. 24, 1903) ; Washington (Olympia, Sept. 8, 1903). 

 • Winter Range.— Northern Florida (St. Augustine), and 

 southern Texas ; south throughout the West Indies to Venezuela and 

 Ecuador. 



