TOWNSEND'S WARBLER 155 



throat patch, widely tipped with yellow and in part replaced by yellow; sides 

 less heavily streaked. 



Young &, Fall. — Similar to adult 6" in Fall but with less black above on 

 throat and on sides; cheek-band more olive. 



Adult $, Spring. — Similar to adult o" in Spring but crown olive-green spotted 

 with black, little or no black in back; less white in tail, the outer web of only 

 the outer feather with white; wing-bars narrower, cheeks more olive; throat 

 and breast obscurely marked with black which appears more clearly on the 

 sides of the breast, belly white. 



Adult $, Fall. — Similar to adult c? in Spring but darker above, black mark- 

 ings less evident, sides tinged with brownish. 



Young 2, Fall. — Similar to adult ? in Fall but with less black on head and 

 throat. 



Nestling. — Above brown, a broad buffy superciliary line; breast evidently 

 brownish, belly white but molt too far progressed to permit of complete descrip- 

 tion. 



General Distribution. — Western North America, north to Alaska, 

 east to Colorado. 



Summer Range. — From mountains of southern California ( ?) and 

 Oregon north to Sitka, Alaska, and the upper Yukon Valley; east to 

 Idaho (Fort Sherman) and western Colorado; in migration it ranges to 

 the eastern foothills of Colorado (Loveland) and to western Texas, 

 (San Angelo) ; accidental in Pennsylvania (Coatesville, May 12, 1868). 



Winter Range. — Mexico and Guatemala; a few sometimes as far 

 north as southern California. 



Spring Migration. — Migrants from Mexico begin to enter Cali- 

 fornia April 14 to 20. The earliest noted in 1888 at Chilliwack, B. C, 

 was on May 19, but the usual date of arrival is probably several days 

 earlier, for the average date of the first birds seen during five years at 

 Columbia Falls, Mont., is May 7, varying from May 4, 1897 to May 

 11, 1896. First arrivals have been noted on April 9, in the Huachuca. 

 Mountains of Arizona; Loveland, Colo., May 11, 1889 and at Great 

 Falls, Mont., May 28, 1890. 



Fall Migration. — None of Townsend's Warblers was seen at 

 Columbia Falls, Mont., after August 17, 1895, nor at Chilliwack, B. C, 

 later than September 12, 1888. 



The Bird and its Haunts. — Very little information concerning the 

 habits of this bird appears to have been recorded. At Fort Sherman, 

 Idaho, where it evidently nests, Merrill found it haunting the tops of 

 large firs, flitting restlessly from tree to tree at a height which made 

 identification difficult. At Glacier, Alaska, Bishop 8 states that "it was 

 tolerably common in the dense woods of spruce and fir and unquestion- 

 ably nesting; altogether we noticed about twenty individuals during 



