202 PINE WARBLER 



Young 2j Fall- — Still browner than the adult ? in Fall; often no pronounced 

 greenish above or yellow below. 



Nestling. — Above warm grayish brown, eye-ring white; breast strongly 

 washed with the same color the throat grayer, the belly whiter. 



General Distribution. — Eastern North America; north to New 

 Brunswick and Saskatchewan; west nearly to the Plains. 



Summer Range. — Southern Florida and the Gulf States to 

 southern Canada from New Brunswick through central Ontario 

 (Ottawa, Muskoka), to Manitoba (Lake Winnipeg) and Saskatche- 

 wan (Carlton) ; in this northern part of the range the species is 

 quite rare, except locally. In the region of the Plains, where pine 

 forests are lacking, it is a rather rare migrant. Nearer the Mississippi 

 River and thence to the Atlantic Ocean, its presence during the 

 breeding season is largely governed by the extent of pine timber. 

 Hence in summer, it is more common in the Southern States and the 

 pitch and white pine districts of southern New England, than in the 

 middle hard-wood districts, throughout which, from about latitude 37 

 degrees northward, it is known to most observers as a more or less 

 common migrant and to a few as a rather rare summer resident. 



Winter Range. — This is one of the few Warblers of the eastern 

 United States whose winter home is included in its breeding range. 

 During the winter season the Pine Warbler occupies approximately 

 the southern third of the breeding range; hence it is not surprising 

 that the birds are found to be more common there in winter than at 

 any other time of the year. From North Carolina and southern Illinois 

 southward, it is common in winter in the pines; occasional north in 

 winter to Massachusetts (Framingham, December 5, 1891 ; January 1, 

 1882; Duxbury, December 15, 1890). Casual in the Bermudas, at 

 Revelstoke, B. C, and at Matamoras, Mexico. 



Spring Migration: Atlantic Coast. — The records of spring migra- 

 tion from the winter home are neither regular nor numerous, but the 

 following notes on the arrival of the first birds will give a fair idea of 

 the general movement: 



Lynchburg, Va., March 30, 1901 ; Washington, D. C. average 

 April 3; Renovo, Pa., April 18, 1894; Englewood, N. J., April 18, 1900; 

 Portland, Conn., average April 17; Durham, N. H., average April 26; 

 southwestern Maine, average April 20; Petitcodiac, N. B., May 19, 

 1887; Pictou, N. S., May 19, 1894; North River, P. E. I., May 2, 

 1889. 



Mississippi Valley. — Nashville, Tenn., March 24, 1902; Bowling 

 Green, Ky., April 20, 1902; central Indiana, average April 25; south- 

 western Ontario, average May 4; Ottawa, Ont., average May 17; St. 



