62 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SALPA AND PYROSOMA 



63. In all the Tunicata, again, it would seem that the first bend of 

 the intestine (whatever its subsequent course) is dorsal, i.e. to the side 

 opposite the ganglion, and almost always to the right side. Doliolum, 

 however, seems to be a sinistral Tunicate. 



What has been described in the present paper as the " Tubular 

 System" was found by Lister (Philosophical Transactions, 1834) in 

 PeropJiora, and described by him as " transparent vessels that may 

 be supposed lacteals." 



In Clielyosonia there is a mass of otolithes and a fossa, seemingly 

 analogous to the " ciliated fossa.'' 



The " languet '' of the Salpa has its homologues in Pyrosoina, 

 Chelyosoma and Clavclina, and is represented by smaller tentacular 

 filaments in Cynthia, Diazona, Synoicuvi and Polyclinmn. 



64. All the Tunicata are hermaphrodite ; and from the small size of 

 the only efferent generative duct in the Botryllidje, it would seem that 

 the ova make their exit in the same way as in the Salpce. 



All the Tunicata possess the power of gemmation, and the buds are 

 always formed as in Salpa (though not always with the same regu- 

 larity), from a diverticulum of the sinus system. 



65. With regard to the " endostyle," which appears hitherto to have 

 been strangely confounded with the dorsal folds of the inner tunic, 

 the writer can speak positively as to its existence in the Salpce, Pyro- 

 soniata and certain BotryllidiE. In all these species it is figured by 

 Cuvier, Chamisso, Savigny and AIilne-Edwards,i but not described ; 

 and as a precisely similar structure is figured by Savigny and others 

 in the solitary Ascidians, it is not perhaps too much to assume that the 

 endostyle exists in them also. Should such be the case, we should be 

 furnished with a new and very remarkable distinctive character of the 

 Tunicata? 



The " eljeoblast " of the Salpa; appears to be represented in the 

 solitary Ascidians by the calcareous mass in contact with the heart, 

 described by Van Beneden in Cynthia anipulloides. 



66. The simple epipharyngeal and hypopharyngeal bands of the 

 Salpa have been traced through their first degree of complication in 

 Doliolum to Pyrosonia and Botryllus, where they form a true branchial 

 sac, differing from that of the simple Ascidians only in the number 

 and size of its meshes. 



' Lister, in his description of Ferophora, loc. cit., figure.? tine endostyle and says, "along 

 the middle of the back is a vertical compound stripe, d (fig. 4), that seemed to me cartila- 

 ginous." 



- Since the above was written the author has had the satisfaction of finding both the endo- 

 style and the ciliated sac, in a small, very transparent Cynthia ( ?sp. ) obtained at 



P>lixstow, on the Suffolk coast. 



