ON THE ANATOMY OF ECHINOCOCCUS VETERINORUM 207 



Eckinococcus with a modified Tccuia, has just been suppHed by some 

 very beautiful researches of Von Siebold's, published in the Annales 

 des Sciences for 1852 (or Annals of Natural History, December, 1852). 

 Von Siebold gave to young puppies spoonfuls of Echinococciis-cysts 

 in milk. Upon opening them after a short time, he found innumer- 

 able Tcenice attached all over the siwface of the intestine. The cysts 

 had been digested, but the living Echinococci had resisted the action 

 of the stomach, and, freed from their imprisonment, had begun to 

 develope joints. Growth had not gone on sufficiently to enable the 

 learned Professor of Breslau to determine the species. He promises, 

 however, a continuation of his researches ; and it is to be hoped 

 that we may soon have a complete clearing up of the difficulties 

 with which helminthologists have so long been puzzled, from his 

 able pen.'^ 



HI. The literature of Echinococcus exhibits a singular instance 

 of the manner in which naturalists delay their own progress, by not 

 attending to what has been done by their predecessors. Goeze wrote 

 in 1782, and effectually demonstrated the cestoid relations of the Echi- 

 nococci, as may be seen by the following extracts from his beautiful 

 work (Versuch Einer Naturgeschichte der Eingeweidewiirmer) ; nay, 

 before his time, Pallas had on very good grounds conjectured the 

 same thing, and yet half a century afterwards we find this all for- 

 gotten, and speculation rife as to the nature of the Echinococci. 



Goeze thus describes the Echinococcus-veslclcs {op. c. p. 258 etseq.) : 



" C. The small social granular Bladder tape-worm (Blasen-band- 

 wurm : Tcenia visceralis socialis granulosa. 



" This is as it were an intermediate form between the great globular 

 Bladder tape-worm .{Cysticercus), and the many-headed worm found 

 in the brain of staggering Sheep. 



" I had already read what Pallas supposes on this subject in the 

 ' Neue Nordische Beytrage,' i. p. 85, when, by a lucky discovery, I 

 made the whole matter out. 



" Upon the 1st of Nov. 1781, I met with an excessively distorted 

 Sheep's liver, which was so beset and penetrated by large and small 

 watery vesicles, — the former as large as hens'-eggs, the latter as 

 hazel-nuts, — that, externally, one could discern hardly anything of 

 the substance of the liver. 



" The animal itself was almost perfectly healthy. In its total size, 

 this monstrous liver was about equal in breadth to the two hands ; 



^ A full account of Siebold's investigations has, in fact, appeared in Siebold and Kiilliker's 

 ' Zeitschrift ' for 1853, under the title " Ueber die Verwandlung der Echinococcus-brut in 

 Tcenien."— T. H. April, 1854. 



