gated and varying backgrounds of more or less distant leaves, twigs, blossoms, 

 etc., with their lights and shadows, and with vistas through the nearer back- 

 ground to the further. Such patterns occur on both the upper and the under 

 sides of the butterflies, but are usually minutest on the undersides. They are 

 characteristic of species which sit with motionless folded wings — or in other 

 words, those of the 'sedentary' type. Some of the South American species 

 of the genus M'etamorpha, as M. dido, are good examples. So, of a some- 

 what different type, is the European "Orange-tip" butterfly (Euchlce car- 

 damines) whose floweret-picturing is well known. (See Fig. 128.) This 

 is in part almost mimicry, though compound, for the nearer flowers look as 

 near as the actual wing-surface on which they are rendered. 



More restless kinds, which alight only momentarily, keeping their wings 

 outspread, or continually opening and folding them, have more generalized 

 leafy or flowery background-patterns, often strongest on the upper side. 

 These we will discuss more in detail later, when we have finished our frag- 

 mentary review of the group of 'sedentaries' or closed- winged perchers, the 

 butterflies whose most highly specialized obliterative coloration is on their 

 under -sides. This group may be subdivided as follows: i. True leaf mimics 

 (already mentioned, e. g., Kallima inachis and Heliconius melpomene.) 2. 

 Those butterflies whose obliterative pattern pictures a varied background of 

 live leaves, flowerets, and other richly colored details of living (and dead) 

 vegetation (already mentioned, e. g., Metamorpha dido, and, in part, Euch- 

 lce cardamines). 3. Obliteratively colored bark- (and rock-) butterflies. 

 These are many, although bark-picturing patterns in their supreme develop- 

 ment are more characteristic of moths than of butterflies. All ( ?) the multitu- 

 dinous moths which are addicted to perching on tree trunks sit with wings 

 flatly applied to the bark, whereas the butterflies of like proclivities, with a 

 few remarkable exceptions, of which I shall soon say more, keep their wings, 

 for the most part, perpendicularly folded, so that their background — that of 

 their full side view — is necessarily much more variable. Nevertheless, many 

 of these butterflies bear colors and minute patterns on their undersides which 



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