Background-picturing Patterns — Continued 

 Sky Type 



albatross, 75; ant-eaters, 149; antelopes 

 153; bald eagle, 74; black lark bunting 

 157; bobolink, 157; cranes, 154; deer, 152; 

 egrets, 118, 155; elands, 142; flamingoes, 

 154; fulmars,7s ■,gannets,75; gulls,74,i54; 

 hares, 1 52; herons, 74, n8, 154, 155; ibises, 

 154; Kamchatkan sea-eagle, 152; larks, 

 157; longspurs, 157; moths, 234; osprey, 

 74; ratels, 149; skunks, 148, 151; snowy 

 owl, 73, 114, 117, 154; spilogale, 150; 

 spoonbills, 154; storks, 154; swans, 118, 

 iS4;Tasmaniandevil, 149; terns, 154; Thi- 

 betan snow bear, 152; tropic birds, 75; 

 white gerfalcon, 114, 154; wolverine, 149; 

 wood duck, 66, 67, 69; zebras, 138; zoril, 



150 

 Sun-fleck Type 



boa, 13s, 175; butterflies, 220, 221; deer, 

 I45;girafi[e, 133, 134; jaguar, i33;leopard, 

 133, 134; mammals, 144; ocelot, 135, 175; 

 ounce, 135; python, 175; serval, 135; 

 spiders, 210; wild swine, 145 

 Water Type 



ant-birds, 113; chevrotain, 143; courlan, 

 61; dragon-flies, 209; ducks, 62, 63; 

 harnessed antelopes, 142; herons, 58; 

 jacanas, 59; lape, 143; purple gallinule, 

 59 ; rails, 61; seals, 170; wood sandpipers, 

 61 

 Winter-landscape Type 



blue jay, 114, 115; crossbills, 116, 117; 

 goshawk, 116; linnets, 116, 117; nut- 

 hatches, lis, 116; pine grosbeaks, 116, 

 117; ptarmigans, 113; snow bunting, 116; 

 snowy owl, 114; titmice, 114, 115; white 

 gerfalcon, 114; woodpeckers, 114, 115 



Badger, 148 - 



"Banner marks,'' 5 



Bark Patterns. See Background-picturing 

 Patterns 



Bat, 119, 120 



Bates, English naturalist, quoted, 224 



Beak, 70, 85, 86 



Bear, 123, 124, 152 



" Beauty-spots " of hummingbirds, 103, 104 



Beaver, iig, 122, 130 



Beebe, C. W., on the disguising coloration of 

 Heliconius charitonia, 221 



Beetle, 200 



Bill. See Beak 



Bird of paradise, 97, 98, 109, see Plate VI, opp. 

 p. 107 



Birds • 



aquatic, 59 seq.; arctic, 113 seq.\ ground, 

 33 seq., 44 seq.\ ocean, 72, 73; scansorial, 

 49 seq.\ shore, 52 seq.; swamp, 56 seq.\ 

 tree-perching, 38 seq.; tropical, 107 seq. 



Bittern 



American, 56, 100, figure 53, p. 58; Eu- 

 ropean, 57; least, 57 



Blackbird 



European, 27; red- winged, 86 note 



Bluebird, 108 



Bobolink, 157 



Bob-white, figure 50, p. 48 



Borer, 205 



Bottom Patterns. See Background-picturing 

 Patterns 



Bunting 



black lark, 157; indigo, 91, 108; snow, 

 116, 151 



Bustard, 48 



Butterflies 



aerial class of, 219-226; dazzling colora- 

 tion of, 224-232; disproportionately large 

 wings of, 230; mimicry of, 214, 215, 228; 

 ocelli of, 229; sedentary class of, 219—226; 

 symmetry of wings of, 239; wing-waving 

 of, 219, 245; figures 56-57. -P- 78; figure 

 106, and figures 128—133. 

 Ageronia, 234; Calligo, 229; Euchlm carda- 

 mines, 216; Grapta, 232; Hetcera esmeralda, 

 224; Heliconii, So. American, 245; Heli- 

 conius amaryllis, 249; Heliconius chari- 

 tonia, 221, 223; Heliconius melpomene 

 214, 215, 216; Heliconius sara, 223; hum- 

 mingbird papilio, 223; Hypolymnas mi- 

 sippus, 221; Kallima tnachis, 4, 214, 216; 

 Lycorea atergatis, 223; Mechanitis verita- 

 bilis, 223; Metamorpha dido, 216, 222; 

 Morpho anaxibia, 225; Nymphalis bolina, 

 221; Papilio gargasus, 223; Papilio poly- 

 damas, 220; Papilionidce, swallow-tailed, 

 232; Pierince, 228; Satyrince, 220; Tithorea 

 megara, 223; Vanessa, 232 



Buzzard, rough-legged, 84 



Caddis, 209 



Calligo. See Butterflies 



Camelopard. See Giraffe 



Cape Polecat. See Zoril 



Capybara, 130 



Cat, 4 



Catbird, 27 



Caterpillar 



see Plate XII, opp. p. 183; Plate XIII, 

 opp. p. 188; Plate XIV, opp. p. 192; Plate 

 XV, opp. p. 194; and Plate XVI, opp. p. 

 196; background-picturing of, 191-193; 

 co-operation of mimicry and counter-shad- 

 ing of , 188-igi; mimicry of, 193-197; 

 obliterative shading of, 185 seq. 



Chafer, American Rose, 201 



Chameleon, dynamic counter-shading of, 242, 



243 

 Chameleonism 



of chameleons, 242, 243; of fish, 168; of 

 frogs, 180, i8i; of lizards, 175; of toads, 

 179 



254 



