lieg-feathers. See Appendages (pantaloons) 



Lemming, 144 



Lemur, 144 



Leopard, melanism of, 133 ; pattern of, 134, 



figure 17, p. 30 

 Linnet, redpoll, 106, 116 

 Lion, 132, 13s, 137, IS3 

 Lizard, 172, 174, 175, 233, figure 124, p. 180 

 Locust, 198, 200 

 Longspur, 157 

 Longstaff, G. B., note by, on South African 



chameleons, 242 

 Long-tailed Duck. See Duck 

 Lustrousness, importance of, as a factor of 



obliterative coloration, 148, 226 

 Lycorea atergatis. See Butterflies 

 Lynx, 7, iig 



M 



Macaw, 109, 246 



Magpie, 115, 244 



Mallard. See Duck 



Mammals 



absence of bright coloring in, 130; ar- 

 boreal, coloration of, 129; disguising 

 coloration of, 119 seq. 



Mandarin. See Duck 



Manatee, 123 



Mantis, 198 



Mantispian, 209 



Marbling. See Markings 



Markings 



axiom of, 80; concealing principles of, 77- 

 80, 95, 96 

 Dazzling (Distractive) 



principles of, 151, 152, 246, 247; of but- 

 terflies„2i9, 225, 227, 233; gulls, 74; hum- 

 ming birds, 104, 105; Kamchatkan sea- 

 eagle, 152; locusts, 199; moths, 233; 

 plunging fishing-birds, 155; ptarmigans, 

 152; skunks, 151; snowy owl, 151, 152; 

 terns, 74; Thibetan snow bear, 152; wea- 

 sels, 152; white gerfalcon, 151, 152 

 Eclipsable 



of butterflies, 227; of deer, 153 

 Eye-masking, 81 and note, 82 

 Marbling, 70 

 Ocelli 



disguising effect of, 229, 230, legend of 

 Frontispiece, figure 132, p. 230 

 Speculum 



effect of iridescence of, in the Mallard, p. 89 

 function of, in disguise of ducks, 64 

 Stripes, lengthwise 



concealing principle of, 95, 96; of birds, 

 95, 96; caterpillars, 195; snakes, 10,96, 

 174 

 Stripes, transverse 



concealing principle of, 95, 96 ; of antelope, 

 135, 141 {beetles, 201; hawks, 80; iguanas, 

 174; lizards, 174; Myrmecobius fasciatus. 



Markings — Continued 



Stripes, transverse — Continued 



141 ; owls, 80 ; pheasants, 95, 97 ; quaggas, 

 141; snakes, 10, 96, 97, 174; tigers, 140; 

 zebras, 135 

 "Target," 97, 182 



Marmoset, 144 



Martin, Pennant's (Fisher), 123 



Meadow lark, figure 46, p. 46 



Mechanitis veritabilis. See Butterflies 



Melanism, of the leopard and jaguar, 133, 134 



Merganser. See Duck 



Merriam, Dr. C. H., 250 



Metamorpha Dido. See Butterflies 



Mimicry 



approach of obliterative coloration to, 36 ; 

 "Batesian and Mullerian" groups, 223; 

 color and pattern, 195; compound, 184, 

 216; cooperation of, with obliterative 

 shading, 188; definition of, 24 and note; 

 distinguished from obhterative colora- 

 tion, 100, loi, 103; structural, 193, 194; 

 of butterflies, 4, 214, 215, 224, 228; cater- 

 pillars, 4, 183-197; crocodilians, 176; 

 dragon-flies, 208; fishes, 167; grass-snake, 

 173; moths, 4, 236; red crossbills, 117; 

 sloth, 124; spiders, 210; toads, 179; tree 

 hopper, 203 ; woodland goatsucker, loi 

 See also Patterns 



Mink, 28, 153, figure 13, p. 28 



Mole, 119, 122 



Mongoose, 119 



Monkey, 122, figure 04, p. 146 



Morpho anaxibta. See Butterflies 



Mosquito, 207 



Moth 



dual symmetry of wings of, 239; oblitera- 

 tive and disguising costumes of, 232-239; 

 bark, figure 136, p. 235 ; figure 137, p. 235 ; 

 and flgure 138, p. 235; cecropia, 186; Cyn- 

 thia, figure 133, p. 230; grass, figure 134, 

 p. 23s; hawk (Sphingidce),, 236; imperial 

 walnut, 187, 188 note; luna, 185, 186, 232 ; 

 polyphemus, 185; promethea, 186, figure 

 133. P- 230; sphinx, 125, 237, figure 139, 

 p. 237, and figure 140, p. 237; tiger, figure 



„ I3S.P- 23S;urania, 232, 233 



Motmot, 109 



Mouse, 119; jumping, figure 13, p. 28 



Mud-puppy, 181 



Mud-turtle. See Tortoise (painted) 



Muskrat, 130, figure 13, p. 28 



Myrmecobius fasciatus, 141 



N 



Natural Selection 



influence of in balance between predators 

 and prey, 88, 89; protective coloration a 

 result of , 5, IS, 36 note, 88, 151 



Nestlings, protective coloration of, 82, 83 



Newt, 181, 233 



257 



