LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



1. Map of North America (reproduced from Meiklejohn's oro- 



scopio maps by permission of Messrs. Meiklejohn & Son) . 1 



2. Map of the North Atlantic, showing the supposed conditions 



of land and water during later Pliocene times (reproduced by 

 permission of the Council of the Royal Irish Academy) . 16 



3. Map of North America, showing the distribution of the Moose 



Deer (reproduced by permission of Mr. Thompson Seton) . 32 



4. Map showing the outlines of the White Mountain Plateau and 



Mount Washington, with an inset Map of North America 

 indicating the geographical position of the White Mountains 36 



5. Map of North America showing the original distribution of the 



Bison, the range of the same species after the completion of 

 the Union Pacific Eailroad and its present range (reproduced 

 by permission of Dr. Hornaday) 65 



6. Map of North America, showing the original distribution of the 



Wapiti deer, and its range in 1900 (reproduced by permission 



of Mr. Thompson Seton) 67 



7. Map of the northern parts of the northern hemisphere, 



showing the supposed land connections and the extent of the 



sea in the early part of the Glacial Epoch .... 98 



8. Map of the World, indicating the distribution of the newt 



Spelerpes ^^^ 



9. Map of North America, showing the distribution of the Star- 



nosed Mole (reproduced by permission of Dr. True) . .142 



10. Map of North America, showing the distribution of the Eein- 



deer (reproduced with some modifications by permission of 

 Mr. Thompson Seton) ^^^ 



11. Map of North and South America, showing the distribution of 



the snail Helicina 



12. Map of the World, showing the distribution of the family of 



fishes Cichlidae (reproduced by permission of Mr. Tate Began) 234 



