CONTENTS xiii 



CHAPTER XIV 



THE FAUNA OF EASTEEN SOUTH AMEEIOA 



PdOR 



South American monkeys, their distrihution and geological history 

 — Sloths — The birds of South America — On fossil mammals and 

 Old World affinities — The theory of an ancient land connection 

 bet-ween South America and Africa — Evidence derived from 

 the distribution of reptiles, amphibians, fishes, mollusks and 

 fresh- water crabs — Dr. von Ihering's researches — Fernando de 

 Noronha and St. Helena — The fauna of St. Helena and its 

 antiquity — ^Tristan da Cunha 363-394 



CHAPTER XV 



AEGENTINA AND CHILE 



The fauna of Argentina — Prof. Ameghino's discoveries of fossils 

 and their importance — Fossil edentates and rodents — ^Paunistic 

 affijiities — The llama and its origin — ^Fossil elephants — Ancient 

 land connections between South and North America — Fossil 

 plants — Floral affinities — The ciroum-Pacific land belt — 

 Antarctic problems — On the Antarctic continent — Affinities 

 of the faunas of Patagonia and New Zealand — On a Pacific 

 continent — The marine fauna of Patagonia — ^The Falkland 

 islands — Antarctic expeditions — The pendulation theory 395-435 



