CONTENTS xi 



presence of the reindeer south of its existing range — Evidences 

 of a southern fauna in the north and of its gradual southward 

 retreat — ^Helicina — Turkeys and the Florida parrot — On the 

 dispersal of fresh- water mussels — Eelicts of the past — Bony-pike 

 and bow-fin — The blind fauna of America . . . . 144-166 



CHAPTER Vin 



THE SOUTH-EASTEEN STATES AND BERMUDA 



On the vegetation and general features of Florida— The geological 

 history of Florida — On the reptiles and amphibians of the south- 

 east — The south-east as a centre of dispersal — The terrestrial 

 moUusks of Florida — On scorpions and dragon-flies — ^Alligators 

 and crocodiles, their origin and past history — The fauna of 

 Bermuda island — The geology and flora of Bermuda — The birds 

 and their origin — Terrestrial isopods, spiders and the land 

 nemertean worm Geonemertes — On the snails of Bermuda and 

 their ancestors — The origin of the Bermudan fauna . 167-195 



CHAPTER IX 



SOTJTH-WESTEEN NORTH AMEEICA AND ITS FAUNA 



On the so-called " Sonoran Region " — The palaeogeography of 

 California and the adjoining States — On the western insecti- 

 vores — On homed toads and burrowing lizards — Discontinuous 

 distribution of some western toads — The snails of California — ■ 

 The fauna of lower California and its Cape region — On the 

 European element of the Calif ornian fauna as illustrated by the 

 moUusks, butterflies and ants — The crayfishes of the south- 

 west and their origin — ^Various faunistic problems — On mam- 

 malian affinities — The American rabbits and their relations — 

 The former Atlantic land connections between the New World 

 and the Old, supported by the evidence derived from Tertiary 

 mammals — Conclusions 196-232 



CHAPTER X 



THE FAUNA OF CENTEAL AMEEICA 



The fishes of Central America and their origin— On the geology and 

 palaeogeography of Central America — Importance of deter- 

 mining the age of Central America — Evidence derived from a 

 study of the marine faunas — On the faunistic affinities between 

 North and South America— The flora of Central America- 

 Monkeys and raccoons — On birds, tortoises and snakes— The 



