84 LIVESTOCK ON THE FARM 



the carbohydrates. They are good for mature and working 

 animals. Also good as part of a ration for growing animals. 



Dry Feeds. — ^Dry feeds are the green feeds with the moisture 

 removed. The water is driven off by evaporation. All of 

 the nutrients remain. During the process some of the carbo- 

 hydrate material may change to more woody-like substance. 

 This makes the dry feed slightly less digestible than the green 

 feed from which it is made. This, however, is not a big factor 

 when the hay is made in time. 



Liquid Feeds. — Skim milk is a protein liquid feed and whey 

 is a carbohydrate liquid feed. The latter is the by-product of 

 cheese-making. From this most of the protein in the form of 

 casein has been taken out in making the cheese. The dry matter 

 of skim milk is largely protein, the fat having been taken out. 



Artificially prepared liquid feeds such as slop for pigs or 

 soup for man may be made either protein or carbohydrate as 

 the one in charge desires. 



Liquid feeds are specially valuable for the amount of water 

 they contain. As shown previously, water is one of the most 

 important parts of the rations of all animals. It is generally 

 assumed that the appetite of an animal for water is a safe 

 guide as to the water requirement of the animal, or the amount 

 of water needed in the metabolism of the animal body. This, 

 however, is not always the fact in the case. 



It is undoubtedly true that in the winter in a cold climate 

 many animals do not drink water enough. The cold checks 

 the appetite for water and not so much is consumed as the 

 best working of the internal mechanism demands. This being 

 true, liquid feeds such as slops for hogs become very valuable. 

 They supply the required amount of water. Many cases can 

 be pointed out in any cold country where the difference be- 

 tween profit and loss is determined by this point in feeding 

 alone. Many persons also feed slop to their cows and bran 

 mashes to the horses. The animal body, with too little water, 

 is like a wagon running without enough grease. 



OTHER FACTORS IN FEEDING 



Variety. — As seen thus far, feeds are simply an aggregate of 

 nutrients most of which are digestible but some of which are 



