PERMANENT AND TEMPOEAEY 

 PASTURES 



From the Returns for 1909, issued by the Board of Agriculture, 

 it will be seen that in the United Kingdom the total area of 

 land under all kinds of crops, bare fallow, and grass, excluding 

 mountain and heath land, is 46,885,810 acres. Of this area, 

 27,428,244 acres are in permanent grass, and 19,457,566 acres 

 are arable ; so that the land under permanent grass exceeds 

 the arable by 7,970,678 acres. 



Clover, Sainfoin, and Grasses returned under rotation crops 

 augment the total of grass by 6,587,772 acres. 



These facts demonstrate the immense national importance 

 of this branch of agriculture. 



The object of this volume is to offer suggestions for the 

 improvement, where necessary, of meadows and pastures, and 

 for maintaining both in a highly profitable condition. It is 

 also hoped that those who contemplate laying down land to 

 grass will find in the following pages information which may 

 enable them to avoid waste of money, and at the same time 

 ensure an adequate return for the necessary outlay, which can 

 never be small where first-class results are aimed at. 



One of the causes of the extension of grass since 1870 has 

 been the grave difficulty concerning labour, and this difficulty 

 becomes more acute in every succeeding year. The majority 

 of able-bodied labourers and lads refuse to work in the country. 

 Farmers are therefore increasingly dependent on the mechanic 



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