34 ADAPTATION AND PROGRESS 
ism, moreover, leads to a breaking down of national barriers and 
the development of world-federations.1. It also leads to a de- 
crease of individual bitterness and revengefulness, hence of anti- 
social acts.? 
Along with the change from militarism to industrialism are 
manifold sociological changes co-ordinated with it. In Spencer’s 
discussion of the evolution of social institutions he shows not only 
how the changes are brought about in harmony with the general 
laws of evolution which he has formulated, but also how in each 
case the structure, functions and changes are correlated with the 
movement from militarism to industrialism. The six institu- 
tions whose evolution is thus described are the domestic, cere- 
monial, political, ecclesiastical, professional and industrial. 
3. Tests of Progress.— Our author, as we have noted, makes 
increasing complexity the general test of progress. More 
specifically, the test of individual well-being is measured by 
length of life multiplied by breadth, this latter made up of “ the 
aggregate of thought, feeling and action”’;* the test of industrial 
progress is increase of division of labor, and also increase of 
interdependence;* the test of intellectual progress is the ever 
increasing power of complex mental operations;® the test of 
moral development is increasing adjustment of acts to ends, the 
ends including both self-maintenance and race-maintenance.® 
For the individual this last test includes increase of well-being? 
which calls for progressive adjustment to an ever increasing 
complexity of social relations § and also such activity as furthers 
the well-being and adjustment of fellow-men.® The test of social 
progress is increase of complexity in social life and institutions 
and in social interdependence. The test of religious progress is 
1 Sociology, pp. 615 ff. 2 Ibid., p. 636. 
3 Data of Ethics, p. 14. 
4 Illustrations of Universal Progress, p. 404; Sociology, iii, p. 410. 
5 [bid., i, ch. VII; Principles of Psychology, sections 484-493. 
® Data of Ethics, p. 17. 
7 Ibid., pp. 37, 49 £. 
8 Ibid., pp. 20, 21, 87; Sociology, iii, pp. 608 ff. 
® Data of Ethics, p. 27. 
10 Illustrations of Universal Progress, pp. z, 403; Sociology, i, pt. 2, ch. IV; also 
P- 5973 ili, p. 410. 
