g2 ADAPTATION AND PROGRESS 
be advanced, — and finds no rational sanction for such sacrifice; 
but the pity of it all is that religion is invoked to keep them to 
their hard lot when in fact social welfare demands that their 
condition be changed. It is true that there is no rational sanction 
for the condition of the millions of the industrially exploited, nor 
should there be any super-rational sanction. 
GALTON AND PEARSON ! 
National Eugenics 
These two may well be considered together for they are closely 
related in point of view, method and conclusions, and moreover 
have been associated in their life work,— the latter being the 
present director of the Eugenics Laboratory at London, founded 
by the former. 
Sir Francis Galton, cousin of Charles Darwin, well versed both 
in medicine and mathematics, is known chiefly as the author of 
Hereditary Genius and founder of the modern science of national 
eugenics. This new science was thus defined by its founder in 
establishing the laboratory in connection with the University of 
London: “‘ National eugenics is the study of those agencies under 
social control, which may improve or impair the racial qualities 
of future generations, either physically or mentally.”2 This 
definition is interpreted somewhat differently by Professor Pear- 
son in Lecture Series, nos.tand vu. In the former he says, “‘ The 
word eugenic here has the double sense of the English well-bred, 
goodness of nature and goodness of nurture. Our science does 
not propose to confine its attention to problems of inheritance 
only, but to deal also with problems of environment and nur- 
ture.” 5 In the pamphlet published two years later practically 
all the stress is placed on nature as over-against nurture. Here 
racial is given most prominence and is defined as follows: “ We 
understand by a racial character, one which is the product of 
many generations of selecting, one which passes from generation 
to generation, and one which is not fundamentally modified if a 
child be born to the race in India, Canada, or Australia. Weare 
1 Galton, 1822-1911; Pearson, 1857-. 
2 Laboratory Lecture Series, no. ix, p. 2. 3 [bid., no. i, p. ro. 
