244 ADAPTATION AND PROGRESS 
struggle for supremacy is now changed from a race and class 
struggle to an internal struggle for self-control. Primitive feelings 
and instincts are repressed, sex and appetite are curbed, and cul- 
tural motives replace the older sentiments due to race and class 
antagonisms. . . . The new and the old types of culture, motive 
and character are bound to come into sharper conflict as the 
century advances. ‘The older tendencies are coercive and will 
strive to impress themselves as state socialism. The newer forces 
will express themselves in voluntary association. It will be a 
struggle of tradition, race and class with the blending influences 
that make for unity and character.” ! 
Professor Patten is his own best critic of many of his early 
theories. If time and intellectual vigor permit he may round out 
a consistent social philosophy. His greatest advance has come 
from his transition from an almost exclusively deductive method 
to emphasis on, though not successful use of, the inductive 
method, and from stress on pleasure-pain motives and tests, to 
objective tests measured in terms of health, wealth and culture.” 
His theory that progress is due to surplus energy and that 
historically social progress has passed from a pain to a pleasure 
economy and is now entering a creative economy, is so sug- 
gestive that it is most unfortunate that he has developed the 
theory in such a way as to meet disapproval from the specialists 
in every field he has touched. 
1 “ Reconstruction of Economic Theory,” pp. 94, 95. 
2 [bid., p. gt: cf. pp. 61, 86, 87. 
