258 ADAPTATION AND PROGRESS 
among the most efficient is emphasized as of the greatest value in 
helping to counter-balance the increase of population which is 
now so largely from the lowest economic classes. As noticed 
above, economic efficiency is considered by our author to be the 
best principle of selection yet discovered, though he admits that 
this principle is not now working because of the practical sterility 
of the most efficient. 
Regulation of marriage as well as of divorce should be a 
function of the sovereign group. A minimum wage law rigidly 
enforced is considered one of the feasible methods for race-stock 
improvement, for the incapables would be thrown upon society 
for subsistence and by segregating these the race-stock would be 
improved in an appreciable degree within a few generations. 
As the chief function of social control is considered to be the 
economizing of human energy, all forms of waste must be elimi- 
nated. Professor Carver gives attention to two in particular, 
waste land and waste labor. The following scheme sets forth his 
analysis of these forms of waste: — 
(a) Too stony, 
1. Bad physical conditions (b) Too wet, 
(c) Too dry. 
2. Bad chemical conditions { Ms ae cna es 
{ (a) Bad taxation, 
(6) Too much speculation. 
Causes of waste land} 
3- Bad social conditions 
. The involuntarily unemployed. 
The imperfectly employed. 
. The improperly employed. 
. The voluntarily idle. 
Forms of waste labor # 
PWR 
The class of involuntarily unemployed is made up mostly of 
defective individuals; the imperfectly employed of those whose 
idleness is due to enforced “ lay-offs” and seasonal occupations; 
the improperly employed, of those who are not doing the work for 
which they are best adapted and the voluntarily idle, of the 
tramps and idle rich. There are two classes of the latter, those 
who have produced sufficient wealth for their maintenance and 
have retired from the productive life, and those whose sole occu- 
1 Principles of Rural Economics, p. 132. 2 [bid., p. 185. 
