INVENTION AND PRODUCTION 263 
the wisest of English social philosophers have seen the inevitable 
outcome of such commercial rivalry and have called their country- 
men to rally to the industrial and political defence of their father- 
land, !'— and these two are peculiarly linked in England. The 
commercial rivalry between these two sovereign groups has 
resulted in the development in each of a strong national con- 
sciousness and in methods of education and social control having 
as their aim the strengthening of the group and the securing of 
greater efficiency and well-being among the people. The war has 
called attention to various forms of waste of human energy, — as 
from the excessive use of alcohol, — and thought is being given to 
a solution of the problem. It is almost certain that one of the 
results of this war will be to make acceptable to all western 
nations a program of social control very similar to that outlined 
by Professor Carver,? and if so, it will not take many years to 
secure for the people of these nations a degree of well-being which 
might not have come otherwise in centuries. Should the other 
nations of Europe adopt a program of expansion like that of 
Germany, the inter-group struggle will become as acute as 
portrayed by our author and in that event the nation with the 
most efficient standard of living will win out. This, in the view 
of our author, will probably be the basis of the final conflict? 
1 Cf. Pearson’s, National Life from the Stand point of Science. 
2 Essays, ch. X, “‘ Constructive Democracy.” 
