294 ADAPTATION AND PROGRESS 
up through and subdue the one above, as the Romans were 
captivated by the Greek culture, the barbarians by Roman 
civilization, or the Mongols by Islam?” ! This is a strong 
criticism of the neo-Darwinian sociologists and militates against 
the rigid use of the biological doctrine of selection applied to 
social progress but it does not militate against the use of the 
doctrine of adaptation or adjustment, for a new amalgam of 
cultures is the net result of a multitude of minor struggles, and 
the new political unit faces the problem of survival through 
adaptation. Ross seems to recognize this for he says: “ The 
struggle between groups of men involves a testing of the codes 
and moralities that govern them, and must in the long run con- 
duce to the triumph of those codes and moralities which strengthen 
the group over those which do not.” In this statement we have an 
approach to the application of group struggle and survival em- 
phasized by the neo-Darwinian sociologists. 
As a constructive sociologist Ross may well be classed as an 
“ eclectic ”’ because of the wide use he has made of the discoveries 
and formulations of others in the same field. He has also formu- 
lated many new laws but it is difficult to enumerate those due to 
him alone. 
His most important contribution to our subject along positive 
lines is to be found in his Social Control. In this he discusses 
the functions of natural control in securing order and progress 
under the four headings of “ sympathy,” “ sociability,” “ sense 
of justice,” and “ individual reaction.” The réle of each is 
presented in strong terms, but each and all together are found 
unequal to the task of securing social order and progress. 
This is followed by a consideration of the “‘ need,” “ direction,”’ 
and “radiant points ” of social control. In Part II we are pre- 
sented with an able survey of the “ means of control” such as 
public opinion, law, belief, social suggestion including education 
and custom, social religion, personal ideals, ceremony, art, 
personality, enlightenment and illusion. With the exception of 
law and personal ideals these forces for the most part act in such 
a way as to make it possible to classify the process by which 
1 Social Control, p. 340. 
