SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 321 
affection, of emotional activity. Now reflective creation and 
affection are functions of the individual, never of a group, how- 
ever much the individual may be determined by his social 
environment. This truth, together with some metaphysical con- 
siderations, warrants the use of the term personalism.! But this 
very fact of the determination of the individual by society war- 
rants the qualifying word soczal, and finally, the fact that in the 
highest forms of associational activity we have such a “ together- 
ness” of self-conscious activity that approach is made to the 
phenomenon of personality, and that the goal of the individual is 
not merely personal but also some form of associational well- 
being, warrants the compound social-personalism. Let us note 
how this concept has grown out of our historical survey of the 
development of the concept of adaptation: — 
In our study of biological evolution we saw how the individual 
organism was the product of the species and of the material 
environment (with due allowance for mutation), also how the 
good of the species including future generations seemed to have 
consideration above the welfare of the mere individual. We have 
seen that personality is likewise the product of physical and social 
heredity and of social suggestion, i. e., it is a social product, modi- 
fied by individual reaction in the line of variation. Thus are 
evolved temperament, intellectuality, moral judgment, religious 
sentiment, — indeed all the qualities that constitute and dif- 
ferentiate personalities. But this personality cannot be satisfied 
with mere self-development. Social instincts and social interests 
impel to ever widening activities and an ever enlarging “self” 
and “ self-regarding sentiment.” Thus normally the goal of 
the individual cannot be merely selfish in the narrow sense but 
social and one can find true happiness only in social adaptation, 
and the highest happiness only in the consciousness that the in- 
dividual life is unfolding in harmony with the cosmic order or with 
the divine will, —i. e., in religious adaptation. 
With self-development comes an expanding net-work of con- 
flicting and co-operating interests, those of the “inclusive” group 
1 Cf. Personalism, by B. P. Bowne. 
2 McDougall, Social Psychology, pp. 174 ff. 
