SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 331 
The club, the religious sect, the political party, the social 
institution of every sort which would succeed must likewise adapt 
itself to its environment, — so, too, the sovereign group. But 
mere survival should not be the goal, but this, modified by the 
ideal of functioning in a more inclusive unity; and while these are 
most frequently in harmony they are not alwaysso. The welfare 
of the group at times calls for the sacrifice of the individual; it 
may call for the sacrifice of a club, a sect, a party, an institution. 
The welfare of humanity may call for the sacrifice of a sovereign 
group. All these unities and all forms of associational life are 
means to the attainment of the one supreme goal, — the well- 
being of the greatest number of rational individuals including not 
only the present but future generations. 
Professor Bowne holds with good reason that well-being has two 
constituent factors, outward fortune and inner worth and peace.! 
Emphasis on material progress may produce the outward fortune 
but destroy the sense of worth and peace which alone makes life 
worth living for the individual. Emphasis on the subjective side 
may lead to such neglect of material welfare as to result in in- 
dividual and social stagnation and decay. Both elements must 
have place in a social philosophy that shall satisfy life conditions 
and inspire to that individual and social activity that shall attain 
ultimately the coveted goal. 
No words are better fitted to conclude this discussion than those 
which bring to a close Professor Giddings’ Principles of Sociology: 
“ A social being, the normally organized man returns to society 
with usury the gifts wherewith he has been by society endowed; 
and this truth will be the starting point of the ethical teaching of 
coming years. Personality cannot live within itself to perish 
with the individual life. It goes forth into the everlasting life of 
man. And so, little by little, age by age, society, which has 
created man, is by man transformed. Of supreme importance in 
this work is the influence of those few transcendent minds whose 
genius pierces the unknown; of those pioneers of thought and 
conduct who dare to stand alone in untrodden ways; of those 
devoted lovers of their kind who, often in obloquy and pain, 
1 Principles of Ethics, p. 304. 
