GONORRHEA. 103 
should be mixed with a small quantity of carbolic lotion 
or other antiseptic and allowed to settle for twenty-four 
hours; it is much better to use a centrifuge if one is 
available. In cases where we require evidences as to 
cure after an attack of gonorrhcea the urine is examined 
after gentle massage of the prostate. 
STAINING OF FiLms. 
One film is to be stained by a simple stain such as 
methylene blue or carbol-thionin. The other is to 
be stained by Gram’s method, and then in dilute carbol- 
fuchsin for half a minute. Bismarck brown may also be 
employed but is hardly as good. 
Examination of films.—First take the specimen in which 
the simple stain has been used and examine it with the 
oil immersion lens. You will see that it shows number- 
less cells with very irregularly lobed nuclei; these are 
the pus cells or polymorphonuclear leucocytes. There 
will also be some flat squamous epithelial cells. 
The gonococci will be stained even deeper than the 
cell nuclei, and will be mostly contained within the pus 
cells. If you see a cell which contains numerous small 
blue or violet granules bring it into the centre of: the 
field and examine it more thoroughly, to see whether 
the granules have the characters of the organism which 
we are about to describe. 
The gonococcus is a large diplococcus, each compon- 
ent of the pair being shaped like a kidney, the hilum 
being turned toward that of its fellow. Single forms 
(which may be rounded) and tetrads are sometimes seen. 
It does not stain by Gram’s method, and this is one of 
its most important features. Another important point is 
