1902.] Kroeber, The Arapaho. 7 



Arapaho. It alone, of all the dialects, has the sound m. In 

 the form of its words, it diverges from Arapaho in the di- 

 rection of Cheyenne. Grammatically, however, it is clearly 

 Arapaho. This dialect is still remembered by some old 

 people, but it is doubtful whether it is still spoken habitually 

 by any one. 



The Ha''anaxawiiune'na" is said to have differed most from 

 the Arapaho and to have been the most difficult to under- 

 stand. No one who knew this dialect could be found. 



It is said that there was once a fight between two of the 

 tribes. This quarrel was between the Hinanae'ina" and the 

 Blasa^wuune'na", over the sacred tribal pipe and a similar 

 sacred lance, and occurred on account of a woman. The 

 BEasa"wuune'na'' were the first to have the pipe and the lance. 

 The Baasa''wtiune'n keeper of them married an Arapaho 

 woman, and lived with her people. Since then the other 

 tribes have all lived together and helped each other in war. 

 The present condition of alliance, and of possession of the pipe 

 by the Arapaho, has come about through intermarriage. 



Both the northern and southern Arapaho recognize these 

 five tribes or dialects as composing their people. There seem 

 to be no historical references to the three absorbed tribes, 

 except that Hayden, in 1862, called the southern half of the 

 Arapaho tribe Na"wasinahl,'ana'' (Nawuthiniha"). Mooney 

 gives these five tribes somewhat differently. 



The northern Arapaho in Wyoming are called Na"k'haa"- 

 seine'na" ("sagebrush men"), Baa^tcune'na" ("red-willow 

 men"), Baakuune'na" ("blood-soup men"), or Nanabine'na:" 

 ( ' ' northern men " ) . They call the southern Arapaho in Okla- 

 homa Na'wuine'na" ("southern men"). These two divisions 

 of the Hinanae'ina" appear to have existed before the tribe was 

 confined to reservations. The two halves of the tribe speak 

 alike, except that the northern people talk more rapidly, 

 according to their own and their tribesmen's account. The 

 author has not been able to perceive any difference between 

 the speech of the two portions of the tribe. 



There are also said to have been four bands in the tribe. 

 Three of these were the Wa"xue'i5i ("ugly people"), who are 



