1902.] Kroeber, The Arapaho. 5 



three features that are peculiar to it. First, it makes no dis- 

 tinction between animate and inanimate nouns in their plural 

 forms, — a distinction which is made in the other Algonkin 

 languages. It recognizes this category only in the verb. 

 Secondly, all the pronominal particles which are used to con- 

 jugate the verb are suffixed. In all other Algonkin languages, 

 when there are two such particles (in the objective conjuga- 

 tion), one is generally prefixed and one suffixed; when there 

 is only one such particle (intransitive conjugation) it is pre- 

 fixed. Except in one form of the negative, Arapaho suffixes 

 its pronominal elements throughout. This gives a very 

 different appearance to its conjugation. Lastly, its pronom- 

 inal particle for the second person, which elsewhere in Algon- 

 kin is k-, is -n in the verb, and a vowel-sound in the noun. 

 In this last feature Arapaho is approximated by Cheyenne, 

 which uses vir- to indicate the second person. 



Blackfoot and Arapaho, the two most western Algonkin 

 languages, thus appear to be the most specialized from the 

 common tjrpe, — one etymologically, the other grammatically. 

 They have so little in common, however, that they probably 

 differ more from each other than from any other languages 

 of the stock. On the other hand, the Arapaho declare 

 that one of their extinct dialects resembled the Blackfoot. 

 Cheyenne and Arapaho are so different that the recent asso- 

 ciation of the tribes must have been preceded by a long 

 separation. The Cheyenne appear to have been more lately 

 in connection with the jib way or kindred tribes, as is also 

 indicated by several resemblances in culture. 



The Arapaho call themselves "Hinanae'ina"," the meaning 

 of which term they cannot give. They declare that they 

 formerly comprised five subtribes. These were — 



1. Na"wa5inaha'ana°. 



2. Ha"anaxawiiune'na''. 



3. Hinanae'ina" (Arapaho proper). 



4. Blasa"wuune'na". 



5. Hitoune'na" (Gros Ventres). 



They extended from south to north in the order given. 



The term Na^waginaha'ana" has some reference to the south. 



