OBJECTIONABLE AND PERNICIOUS WEEDS. 19 
underground it works more on the surface, as its name would 
imply. In appearance it is more ruddy than either of the 
other two named, and very rapidly it shoots out long runners, 
which spread over the ground, striking root at each knob, in 
a manner which to those unacquainted with it is truly astonish- 
ing. If left to itself it will become similar to speargrass, but it 
is not so difficult to destroy. 
In dealing with running grass great care must be taken, and 
if the land is forced by harrow and roll, any short pieces con- 
taining a knob which escape notice will take root and spread 
as soon as the crop is planted. Running grass is as great a 
nuisance to the pasture as it is to the corn grown. 
YorRKSHIRE Foc (HoOLCUS LANATUS). 
This is a weed which, so to speak, comes by degrees, and 
nothing appears to feed on it. As-years roll on it gathers in 
strength, and appears in the form of unsightly tussocks, which 
must be stubbed up with a mattock, and no time should be 
lost in so doing. 
Although it throws out propagating roots, it propagates 
chiefly by seed. The seed is in appearance somewhat like 
foxtail, but the awn on each seed is so short that it is almost 
imperceptible to the naked eye; whereas the awn on foxtail 
seed is as long as the awn on the seed of Italian ryegrass. In 
colour, Yorkshire fog is a bright pea-green, and its foliage is 
broad and soft; but the large, numerous, and handsome seed 
spikes which it throws out vary very much in their colour, 
shape, and general character. 
The ugly tussocks of Yorkshire fog can be seen in almost 
every hedgerow, and it flourishes in profusion on waste lands, 
regardless alike of the quality of the soil and the situation. 
It exhausts the land more quickly than almost any other kind 
of grass, and smothers the good seeds with which it comes 
in contact. 
