DUCK DOLLARS 19 
This is the most expensive item in the ration. They are fed only to 
the youngest ducklings and to them only for a brief period. 
The bread-crumbs are made from stale bread given away (or sold 
for little) by bakers. Bought in quantities it costs only $25 a ton. 
The bran (also called shorts) is the outside shell or wrapper of 
wheat. It costs only $20 a ton, but in the West near the flour mills it is 
much cheaper. 
The corn-meal is common yellow Indian meal which has been 
ground (not cracked). It costs from $1 to $1.25 per 100 pounds in the 
East; in the West it is cheaper. 
The low-grade flour costs $28 a ton in the East—cheaper in the 
West. ; 
The beef scraps cost $2.50 per 100 pounds. They form a small per 
cent. of the ration, at a certain time. 
By green stuff is meant anything growing, like common grass, oats, 
clover, rye, millet, etc. 
The vegetables are cheap on the average farm, and are a fine duck 
food. Turnips and carrots are easily raised and turned into duck meat. 
The grit may be ordinary sand or gravel for a certain period in the 
life of the ducks, after which the cheapest granite grit is bought. Fancy 
grits costing as much or more than grain are not used. | 
The ground oyster-shells essential to the egg formation are the 
widely-known common and cheap kind. 
The part which water plays according to certain rules in duck rais- 
ing is an important one. It adds volume to the feed and it makes the 
feed cost less because it makes the same amount of feed more filling. 
First Nursery Yards 
The little ones are seen poking in the dirt and running around enjoying 
themselves. Wire netting eighteen inches high separates each pen: The birds 
do not fly at any age, nor jump from one pen to another over the netting, 
