342 New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



found in masses of varying sizes, from that of a pigeon's egg to a 

 diameter of twenty feet. It is classified as massive garnet and shell 

 garnet, the former being impure from the admixture of other min- 

 erals, the latter almost entirely pure and the most valuable for com- 

 mercial purposes. Its chief use is in the manufacture of sandpaper 

 which is used in shoe factories for finishing soles, and is preferred to 

 ordinary quartz sandpaper on account of the ready cleavage of the 

 garnet, which enables it to present as it breaks away new and sharp. 

 cutting edges, whereas quartz, which has no cleavage, becomes dulled 

 with friction. 



There are two firms working garnet properties in Warren county, 

 H. Behr & Sons and Crehore Brothers of JSTorth Creek. 



Conteibutoes of Gaenet. 

 D. Lyncli, Minerva; massive garnet. H. Behr & Sons, New York. 



GEOUP 46. — geaphite. 



The only deposits of commercial importance are in the township of 

 Ticonderoga, near the northern extremity of Lake George. These 



Jroperties are all controlled by the Dixon Crucible Co. of New 

 ersey. 



Formerly large quantities of graphite in masses of considerable size 

 were obtained from a formation of white crystalline limestone not far 

 from the village of Ticonderoga. This locality is said to be exhausted, 

 and is no longer operated by the company. At present a graphitic 

 schist containing a comparatively small percentage of graphite is 

 extensively worked at a locality a few miles west of Rogers' rock. 



The graphite of JSTew York is of fine quality and is used in the man- 

 ufacture of pencils, crucibles and for all the other purposes for which 

 this substance is employed. 



Conteibtjtoe. 



Dixon Crucible Co., Ticonderoga. Office, Jersey City, N. J. 



EEPOET GIST THE GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE 

 CLAYS OF NEW YORK EXHIBITED IN THE DEPART- 

 MENT OF MINES AND MINING. 



By HEINRICH RIES, Ph. B. 



Deposits of clay occur in nearly every county of New York. They 

 belong to three geological periods, viz. : Quaternary, Tertiary and 

 Cretaceous. 



Clays of the first period are by far the most common ; those of the 

 second period are still somewhat doubtful, but a large number of the 

 Long Island beds may belong here. Of the third period there are 

 undoubted representatives on Long Island and Staten Island. 



