344 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



A bed of blue and red clay is being utilized at New Brighton, near 

 Rochester. The deposit lies near the head of Irondequoit bay, and was 

 deposited by some stream flowing into it. 



Clays are also found at several points in the valley of the Oswego 

 river, between Oswego and Syracuse, an important one being at Three 

 Rivers. 



At "Watertown there is an extensive deposit of clay, some twenty 

 acres in extent, and of a red and gray color. The bed is twenty feet 

 thick and rests on the Trenton limestone. Another extensive bed of 

 clay is being worked at Ogdensburg. It is blue in color, somewhat 

 sandy, and sixty feet thick. A similar deposit occurs at Madrid, in St. 

 Lawrence county. 



Turning our attention to the southern portion of the State, we find 

 clays in abundance in all the valleys and lowlands. The extensive 

 marshes near Connewango and Randolph are said to be underlain by clay 

 throughout their entire extent. 



At Levant, near Jamestown, is an interesting bed of clay several 

 acres in extent. It is probably of post-glacial age, and the section, as 

 determined by boring, is : 



Yellow sand ; 4 feet. 



Quicksand 4 inches. 



Yellow clay '. 6 feet. 



Blue clay TO feet. 



Hardpan 



At Breesport, near Elmira, is a bank of blue clay rising from the 

 valley to a height of fifty feet. It was evidently formed when the 

 valley was dammed up, and has subsequently been much eroded, so 

 that a comparatively narrow terrace along the side of the valley is 

 all that remains. A similar deposit is found at Newfield, soutli of 

 Ithaca. 



Deposits of clay, suitable for brick and tile, are common in the low- 

 lands bordering the Mohawk river from Rome to Schenectady. The 

 beds vary in thickness from six to fifteen feet, and the clay is mostly of 

 a red, blue or gray color. 



Among the most extensive and important deposits are those of the 

 Hudson river valley. Here are deposits of two types : Estuary deposits 

 of fine sand, yellow and blue stratified clay, and cross-bedded delta 

 deposits, the materials of which are much coarser. The estuary 

 deposits indicate a period of depression and deposition of the clay in 

 quiet water. The clay is mostly blue, but where the underlying sand 

 is wanting, it is weathered to yellow, this latter often extending to a 

 depth of fifteen feet below the surface, and to a still greater depth 

 along the line of cracks down which the water can percolate. The 

 depth of oxidation is influenced by the nature of the clay, and the 

 upper portion weathers easily on account of its sandy nature and loose, 

 texture. 



Horizontal stratification is present and the layers of clay are sepa- 

 rated by extremely thin laminse of sand. At some localities the layers 

 of the clay are very thin and alternate with equally thin layers of sand. 



