522 



New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



gray heartwood would suggest a peculiar 

 value in ornamental woodwork. 



Large-toothed Poplar, Populus grandi- 

 dentata, Michx. — Abundant, especially in 

 dry sandy soil and on hillsides in the 

 northern poition of the State. A valu- 

 able timber for paper pulp, small wooden- 

 ware, etc. 



C!ottonwood, Populus monilifera. Ait.- — 

 Common in Central and Western New 

 York, in moist, rich soil, attaining some- 

 times very large size. The " Century 

 Tree," of Geneva, N. Y., is of this spe- 

 cies, and is a splendid one of its kind, be- 

 ing nearly 100 feet in height, 116 feet in 

 spread of branches, and having a straight 

 columnar trunk over six feet in diameter. 

 It seems to be in perfect health through- 

 out, and is one of the most interesting in- 

 dividual trees in the State. Used in the 

 manufacture of jDaper pulp, and, to some 

 extent, for light lumber, woodenware, etc. 



Lombardy Poplar, Populus dilatata, 

 Ait. — An old-time ornamental tree, evi- 

 dently very popular in the past, as it often 

 marks the location of old country resi- 

 dences. Pound along lakeshores, occa- 

 sionally coming up naturally from pieces 

 of limbs deposited there by the waves. 

 The tree never produces seed in this coun- 

 try. Little used, excepting as an orna- 

 mental tree. 



Coast White Cedar, Oliamaecypa/ns tliy- 

 oides, L. — Abundant in swamps on Long 

 Island, the "Cedar Swamps" along the 

 coast iDeing so named on account of this 

 tree of which they are sometimes densely 

 composed. Used extensively in the manu- 

 facture of pails, buckets, skiSs, etc., 

 where lightness is a desired quality, and 

 for fence posts, telegraph poles, railway 

 ties, shingles, etc. 



Arbor-vitse, White Cedar, Thuya occi- 

 dentalis, L. — Abundant in Northern New 

 York in moist, rich soil, many of the Adi- 

 rondack lakes being more or less skirted 

 by these trees. Very useful for fence 

 posts, telegraph poles, railway ties, etc., 

 the timber being quite durable in contact 

 with the soil, and for skiff building, cte. 



Red Cedar, Juniperus Virginiana, L. — 

 Common throughout the State, excepting 

 in elevated regions in the northern portion, 

 growing with us on dry, gravelly hillsides, 

 A very valuable timber for fence posts, 

 withstanding decay for perhaps a longer 

 period than any other of our native tim- 

 bers. It is used too in cabinet making 

 and particularly for chests for clothes and 

 furs, as its odor seems to be obnoxious to 

 insects. 



Red or Norway Pine, Pinus resinom, 

 Ait. — Central and Western and Northern 

 New York, but rather uncommon. Used 

 for sills, piles, spars and lumber for gen- 

 eral construction. 



White Pine, Firms Btrdbus, L. — Form- 

 erly abundant in rich, moist soil, especially 

 in the central, northern and western por- 

 tions of the State. A noble tree of great- 

 est economic importance for the manufac- 

 ture of doors, sash, blinds, for interior 

 finishing and for general construction pur- 

 poses. 



Pitch Pine, Pinus rigida, Miller. — Com- 

 mon throughout the State. Used for sills, 

 piles, fuel and occasionally for lumber. 



Jersey Pine, Pinus inops, Ait. — Staten 

 Island and thence southward. A tree of 

 small or medium size and when large 

 enough applicable to the same uses as the 

 pitch pine. 



Yellow Pine, Pimis mitis, Michx. — A 

 southern tree reaching its northern limit 

 of distribution on Staten Island, where it 

 occurs sparingly. Applied to the same 

 uses as the pitch and Jersey pines, not 

 being distinguished from them commer- 

 cially. 



Northern Gray Pine, Pimm Banksiana, 

 Lamb. — The rarest of the New York 

 pines, being found only in-a-few localities 

 among or near the high peaks of the Adi- 

 rondacks and sparingly among the islands 

 of the St. Lawrence, Its ran^e is thence 

 northwestward to the Arctic regions. 

 Used for railway ties, fuel, etc. 



Hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis, Garr. — 

 Common generally and especially abun- 

 dant in Northern New York. Very valu- 

 able in the production of coarse lumber for 

 general construction purposes, and occa- 

 sionally for interior finishing, while the 

 bark is used very extensively for tanning 

 leather. 



Black Spruce, Picea nigra. Link. — Oc- 

 casionally in Western New York and 

 abundant in the elevated northern sections 

 A valuable lumber for flooring, coping 

 and general construction purposes, and 

 where straight-grained and cut " quarter- 

 ing " largely manufactured into the sound- 

 ing boards of musical instruments. It is 

 exensively used too for paper pulp and 

 the spruce gum of commerce is a product 

 of this tree mainly. 



White Spruce, Picea alba. Link. — A 

 handsome tree, found occasionally in the 

 elevated regions of Northeastern New 

 York. It is not there as abundant as the 

 black spruce, but the lumbermen of the 

 region confound the two, calling them 

 both the white spruce. Lumber valuable 

 for the same uses as is that of the black 

 spruce. 



Balsam, Abies balsamea, Marshall.-^- 

 Common in Northern New York and 

 occasional in the central and western 

 sections in cold swamps. Little used 

 until of late it has been found to possess 

 very superior qualities for sounding 

 boards of musical instruments, for which 



