KOUP — SPOUTS. 231 



such, as a pincli of Epsom salts. The nostrils should be cleansed 

 night and morning -with diluted chlorinated soda. If this fails, 

 we •would dress the nostrils (but not the eyes) with diluted car- 

 bolic acid, one part to 100 of water, well shaken up before 

 using, and give a small capsule of copaiba each evening for a 

 few days, followed by an aperient. This medicine should not, 

 however, be given till the secretion has run its course for some 

 days. If the eyes are much affected, much benefit is often 

 found from bathing morning and evening with warm green tea. 

 By roup is only understood severe cold, accompanied by conta- 

 gion, and a secretion from the eyes or nostrils which hardens 

 as it dries. If more solid matter is found in the throat or else- 

 where, treat as for Canker, which see. 



Spouts are confined to wattled pigeons, and consist of a 

 folded corner in the lower eyelid, through which there is a 

 constant gradual drain of fluid, which much weakens the bird. 

 The treatment is to cut the spout clean out with curved scissors. 

 Before doing so the inner surface should be carefully examined, 

 when little nodules or pimples will often be seen. These must 

 all be cut clean away, however extensive may be the required 

 excision ; but it is always best to operate on a spout in good 

 time, as this often saves more severe measures at a later period. 

 However wide the gap left by the cut, it generally fills up 

 well. Before cutting, and whenever necessary to clean, dip 

 the blades of the scissors in Condy's Fluid, and apply the same 

 with a very soft sponge after the cut tUl bleeding is stopped, 

 after which put on the wound a very small bit of zinc ointment. 

 This must be renewed every day, and especial care taken to 

 prevent the eyelids sticking together, which may occur if the 

 ointment dressing be not regularly attended to. If both eyes 

 need operating uponj Mr. Fulton advises that they be done at 

 once, and that the tops of both wattles be drawn upwards by 

 a silk thread through them and passing over the head, which 



