Special inducements are held out to private breeders 

 to keep brood-mares, and prizes for mares and young stock 

 are freely offered. The regulations concerning privately- 

 owned stallions vary in various provinces of Austria ; but, 

 broadly, it may be said that private stallions are only 

 encouraged if suitable for stud purposes. Such horses are 

 licensed ; the horse in some parts must be inspected once a 

 month during the covering season. Anyone who uses an un- 

 licensed stallion to cover mares other than his own, whether 

 for a fee or gratis ; or knowingly allows a mare to be covered 

 by an unlicensed stallion ; or suffers entire colts of one year 

 old or more to pasture with mares of any age, is liable to a 

 fine equal to ^^8 6s. 8d. 



In addition to the five Central Depots there are two State 

 breeding-studs. These are maintained for the purpose of 

 producing stallions for public service ; one is at Radautz and 

 the other at Fiber. At Radautz there are over a thousand 

 animals, including about 250 brood-mares. Pains are taken 

 to keep all the young stock at Radautz in condition ; they are 

 kept as much as possible in the open air, and are exercised 

 for at least three hours daily by mounted drovers, who are 

 assisted by dogs. 



During the summer, from May to September, the young 

 horses are driven to the hills or on to distant wild ground,, 

 and left to their own devices. At the age of three years the 

 young horses are taken in hand and broken, and those 

 stallions which are considered suitable for service are got into 

 condition and distributed among the Central Depots in their 

 fourth year. 



There are, in addition to these two breeding-studs, 

 establishments at Kladrub and Lippieza, where carriage- 

 horses are bred. The Kladruber horses are very large and 

 showy animals, with great action ; they are descended from 

 Spanish and Italian stock, but careful mating for generations 

 has greatly increased their size, which is now often as much 

 as 17 hands 2 inches. These horses are chiefly used in the 

 Royal carriages on State occasions. 



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