PROPAGATION BY BUDDIXG AXD GBAFTING. 75 



used to perpetuate varieties which cannot be jjrofitably 

 grown from cuttings of new wood or roots, or by division. 



79. Limits of Grafting. — As in budding, the possible 

 limits are not yet known. As a rule, close botanic affinity 

 must exist between stock and scion, such as apple upon 

 apple, pear upon pear, and plum upon plum, etc. But 

 this rule is not wholly adhered to in practice. As an 

 instance, in order to secure a dwarfed growth and earlier 

 bearing, certain varieties of the pear are worked on quince 

 roots. Also to secure a dwarfed habit and earlier bearing, 

 certain varieties of the plum are worked on sand cherry 

 {Primus pvmila) stocks. As to tiie need of both budding 

 and grafting, it happens that budding will succeed often 

 on stocks not wholly congenial where grafting fails to secure 

 a good union. As an instance, the uncolored juiced 

 varieties of the cherry seem to unite well with the wood of 

 Mahaleb-cherry stocks. On the other hand, grafting seems 

 to give a poor nnion and usually the scions fail to grow. 

 Again, the cultivated apples seem to make a good union 

 with stocks of the cherry crab {Pi/rus laccata) by budding, 

 while the root grafts usually fail to grow, and when they 

 start growth the union is far from perfect. 



80. Cutting and Packing Scions. — The new wood of the 

 preceding year's growth is usually used in grafting. In 

 mild climate the new wood or scions are cut as used, or at 

 least before starting of the buds. But at the North, 

 especially west of the lakes, scions are cut late in autumn, 

 tied up in bundles with the bases evened, and packed away 

 in rather dry moss or forest leaves. Packed away in a box 

 with dry leaves and kept in the cellar they may show a 

 slight shrivelling of the bark when used in late winter. 

 But in practice the relatively dry scion is more certain to 

 make a good union and growth than those kept so moist 

 that they show a callnsing process ' at their base. If kept 



