230 HORTICULTURAL MANUAL. 



( Vitis riparia) has given us such pure-flavored varieties 

 as Elvira, Transparent, Faith, Montefiore, and others. 



What are known as the Post-oak varieties are improved 

 types of the Turkey grape of the Southwest, which is only 

 a stocky variation of Vitis mstivalis. This has given such 

 excellent pure-flavored Southern varieties as Carman, 

 Beacon, and Bailey. 



The Muscadine grape of the South ( Vitis rotundifolia) 

 has given such pure-flavored varieties as Eden, Flowers, 

 James, and the Scuppernong. 



It is also true that some of our desirable varieties, such 

 as Delaware, Isabella, and Purity, are such wide departures 

 from primitive types that it is not easy to classify them. 

 In many cases it is known that favorite varieties are 

 crosses with the foreign species, and it is more than prob- 

 able that others will show traces of foreign parentage when 

 grown from seed. 



224. Grape-propagation. — The grape is propagated 

 easily from seeds, layers, cuttings of the new wood, and 

 by grafting. It is only grown from seeds where attempts 

 are made to develop new varieties by crossing or selection 

 (110). The different modes of layering are outlined in 

 sections (52) and (53) and growing by cuttings in sec- 

 tion (60). 



In growing vines from cuttings commercially, specially 

 favorable soils are selected. As an instance, in Iowa they 

 succeed best on the loess soils of the Missouri slope, as this 

 soil is very fine in texture of its particles and favorable 

 for drainage in wet periods and for the ascent of moisture 

 from below in dry ones. In New York for the same 

 reasons grape-vines are grown commercially on the finely 

 comminuted and well-drained soils on the east shores of 

 Lake Erie. While it is true that grapes can be grown 

 from cuttings on almost any soil, it is yet true that only 



