238 HORTICtTLTUEAL MANtJAL. 



require as mnch room as Moore's Early, which has longer 

 internodes and requires longer pruning than most varieties. 

 As a rule, the strong-growing Labrusca varieties should 

 be planted ten feet apart in the rows and the rows should 

 be ten feet apart. In the South such strong-growing 

 varieties as Herbemont, and the jEstivalis hybrids are 

 planted twelve to fourteen feet apart in the rows and the 

 rows nine feet apart. 



In California, with the very short system of pruning on 

 low stumps, the rows are planted eight feet apart each way. 



With increased experience, the tendency of recent 

 plantings has been to plant far enough apart to give room 

 for root-expansion and to give air movement and circula- 

 tion both ways between the rows. 



In planting, first-class one-year-old vines grown on 

 selected soil (60) give the best results. As to depth of 

 planting, the usual direction has been to plant about as 

 deep as they stood in nursery. But increased experience 

 now favors deeper planting. In the prairie States, and 

 over the North, where root-killing of young vines is 

 common, it is customary now to plant vines fully eighteen 

 inches deep on dry soil. When planted, only about the 

 usual covering is pressed down on the roots. As the 

 season advances the holes are gradually filled in connec- 

 tion with the culture. With this deep planting, if the 

 upper nitrogen-feeding roots are killed, the deeper water- 

 feeding roots will sustain the plants until new surface 

 roots are developed. This deep setting is now also gaining 

 ground in California and the South. Where vineyards 

 are started in the raisin-producing sections of California 

 and Arizona, the cuttings are stuck two feet deep, and 

 Mr. Gustaf Eisen of Fresno states: "For trial I planted 

 some cuttings of raisin grapes five feet deep, and they were 

 at one year old several times larger than those set two feet 



